Management Behavior
Many studies have been carried out in order to establish appropriate management theories and styles that organizations can adopt in order to succeed. Studies on the same from scholars with diverse backgrounds have been useful in the improvement of the previous leadership models and theories. The theories and leadership models have been advancing or evolving constantly. This study offers a succinct comparison of various leadership theories and styles whilst elucidating the basic facets that characterize them (Mahadevan, 2009, p.26).
Various management theories have been postulated in the twentieth century defining the perspective we have on management regarding the current business environment. Managers have been able to implement and appreciate new ways of managing people and organizations, new thinking patterns through the help of emerging theories. In the years that have passed, the emerging theories have been responsible for assisting the study trends that have undergone in the field of management (Cole, 2008, p.21). The key management viewpoints (contingency approaches, behavioral approaches, and classical approaches) have played a major role in the development of the contemporary management techniques and theories in the 21st century. Although significant varieties of these approaches exist, they tend to support a common effort of improving the efficiency of an organization based on proper management of human resources. Additionally, the observable differences in these approaches arise because organizations change constantly. The environment demands that new management techniques and practices to be applied for organization's efficiency to be sustained (Mahadevan, 2009, p.78).
The classical theory of management was the outcome of a struggle of developing a management body: the theorists who took part in the effort are regarded as pioneers of the study of the management. The classical viewpoint stresses work and organization management efficiency in order to increase the production output. This approach may be classified into three fields: bureaucratic, administrative, and scientific management...
In early 1900s, Max Weber described the outline of an ideal organization. Max Webber's theory was based on divisions separated in impersonal relations, regulations/rules, hierarchy and labor and authority in an organization. He made it clear that this will guarantee the maintenance of accountability, promote the employees based on merit and not anything superficial, and create a consistent model. The theory by Webber still holds its ground today as a primary managing structure. At the place of work, there are various authority levels, governing rules and regulations, and a certain mode of handling different situations. These company factors promote consistent result, and no mistake accountability room is left (Sapru, 2008, p.89).
Some years later, there emerged a frontier in labor management. It was inclusive of the incentive system that Henry Gant introduced and Fredrick Taylor's scientific management. The system of incentive was inclusive of persistent repercussion to implement a certain character. A good is example is bonus provision for all the tasks completed in due time or giving tardiness point where more points are substituted to punishment. This idea was very ingenious and still it is being used currently for promoting great customer service, quality, or quick production. Provided a prize desired for an employee exists, they will always work towards achieving those material things they desire. Nevertheless, scientific management, was the act of separating a large task into smaller tasks to see off the efficiency of production, time savvy and easily (Cole, 2008, p.73).
Credit may be given to Ford for having had the first assembly line, but others believe that it was Taylor Fredrick who gave the comment on this idea and outlined its attributes, which were positive. In the years that followed, there emerged another factor of scientific management from Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. They undertook the study of body motion for working individuals. They gained the knowledge that they could lower their motion amount in a given task process to reduce the waste of time and energy. This may not be a…
