" (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) Questions that must be asked are those as follows: (1) Is the issue one where government can act alone? (2) Is the issue one where external actors can act alone with some influence from government? (3) Is the issue one where a mixed governance approach is required, that is, where government and external actors need to act together? (4) What external actors operate in the same field? (5) Are the external actors potential collaborators? (6) Can they regulate themselves? (7) Can their self-regulatory abilities be enhanced by means such as capacity and institution building? (8) Are indirect forms of government action appropriate as opposed to direct intervention through regulation? (9) Can new actors be found? (10) if creating new markets, can new actors be encouraged to play a role? (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) it is stated that questions that must be considered for effective consultations throughout the process of assessing and selecting instruments are those as follows: (1) Which actors and institutions can influence the problem or are affected by the problem? (2) What is the level of knowledge, understanding, and expertise of the actors and institutions? What is their capacity to engage in the instrument choice process and provide information? (2) Are the concerns and risks identified by the actors and institutions integrated into the assessment and selection criteria for instruments? (3) Is consensus the goal of consultation? (4) How will diverging points-of-view be addressed and how will the various actors and institutions be advised? (5) What there be difficult choices or trade-offs? (6) Will certain actors and institutions benefit more than others? (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007)

V. CONSIDERATIONS in ASSESSING and SELECTING INSTRUMENTS

The fifth step in this process involves "taking into account a number of considerations relevant to the assessment and selection of instruments." (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) These considerations are inclusive of: (1) effectiveness; (2) legality; (3) conformity and compliance; and (4) accountability. (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government Action, 2007) There are three stated dimensions in establishment of the considerations utilized in instrument evaluation: (1) identification of the considerations that relate to management of the problems and risks including: (a) technical; (b) legal; (c) implementation; and (d) conformity and compliance risks; (2) identification and taking full advantage of opportunities for coordination of the types and use of instruments with other governments and agencies domestic and international; and (4) identification of considerations that reflect certain values such as economic efficiency, fairness, individual liberty, political acceptability, and accountability. (Assessing, Selecting, and Implementing Instruments for Government...

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Defining the Social Problem (2008) Public Policy Analyst - Project Legal Online available at: http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/Tips/select.html

Grosh, Margaret E. (1993) Five Criteria for Choosing Among Poverty Programs. Policy Research Department the World Bank 1993 October. Online available at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1993/10/01/000009265_3961005101424/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf