The propaganda succeeded in "turning black into white," for instance when depicting Trotsky, a revolutionary hero, as a traitor to his country. The dogs (Jessie and Bluebells' pups) are Orwell's Animal Farm correspondent of the secret Russian police, the NKVD (later to become KGB) led by People's Commissar Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria. Same as the dogs in the book, the NKVD had the role of oppressing the people, summarily dealing with so called traitors (in fact rivals or inconvenient persons) and protecting Stalin.

Moses represents Orwell's opinion on religion. The religion is used keep people hopeful and productive, and is as a consequence a tool. After the revolution the communists tried to banish religion from people lives, as Moses leaves after the rebellion, but they where never completely successful. In the book, the pigs end up using religion (Moses) as a tool themselves.

Boxer the horse represents the loyal if not so bright part of the people devoted to the regime and who believed with all their heart in the ruler. As Boxer, they are betrayed and killed when they are no longer useful.

The sheep represent the proletariat, the working class of unskilled and uneducated laborers who depend on their backs, not their brains for work. They are easily manipulated and brainwashed by the politician, but still, their support is crucial for the accomplishment of the goals of the political leaders. Their "bleating" covers the outraged cries of the more sober and clever people.

4. In the final chapter the rallying cry, which encompasses all the Seven Commandments, "four legs good, two legs bad" is changed to "four legs good, two legs better." This symbolizes the final dissociation from the original goals of the rebellion. With this last step, there is actually no difference any more between the old master, Jones, and the new rulers. If anything these are more vicious and cruel than old Jones. It...

A parallel is obviously that of the Russian revolution. As soon as they had power, the ideals which Marx (the Old Major from the Animal Farm) believed in, and which have attracted people, are corrupted by Stalin and Lenin. They assume absolute power, and maintain the control of the people through an elaborate system of propaganda (marches, decorations and pompous figures, committees and five years plans), which could turn "black into white," and fear. People feared not only the police, which oppressed them, but thanks to the propaganda, they were also fearful of outside countries (depicted in the book by the neighboring farms).
5. The history shows us over and again the same story. Whether it is the French revolution, or the Communist and Nazi regimes, all movements based on the power of the masses attracted by slogans life and governance on egalitarian principles, have ended by having corrupt leaders, who take the place of the fallen rulers, and for the common people nothing, or almost nothing is changed. The French revolutionaries vow "never to use force against he liberty of another people." Three years later, the French army occupies Belgium. Soon after, Napoleon comes to power and the Napoleonic Wars broke out.

The same is the case of the Russian revolution. Initially they proved pacifists, in order to gain popular support, the people being overwhelmingly in favor of Russia's withdrawal from the war (WWI). But only after a few years, they engaged in wars against Japan, and a few years later proceeded at dividing Poland in agreement with Nazi Germany.

Bibliography

Orwell, G. Animal Farm, on Internet at www.online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm / http://www.online-literature.com/orwell/animalfarm/

Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del: People's Comissariat of Internal Affaires