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This makes the modernization of ports to better handle the growing number of containers a priority for many private as well as public concerns, and ports themselves can no longer remain competitive if they cannot make these modernizations (Peters 2001).
This brings up a final point about the need for port modernization. The availability of fast domestic ground transportation, both on rail and truck transport systems, has made port competitiveness increasingly important in modernization efforts. Container shipping ensures that no matter where a shipment enters a country, it can move on to other destinations reliably, and this has served to make non-modernized ports obsolete through their lack of necessity. When a somewhat farther port can offer a faster, cheaper, and more reliable way of moving cargo from a ship to ground transportation or vice versa, companies will choose this option. The move to containers is excellent news for ports that are able to modernize and take advantage of this new standard in shipping, but those ports that remain un-adapted to handling large volumes of shipping containers have an increasingly reduced competitiveness.
Conclusion
Port modernization is not a finite effort with a set finish line at which point all necessary changes will have been made. Instead, it is an ongoing process that will continue to evolve as shipping methods grow ever more cost-effective for shipping companies and their clients alike. For now, however, there are key areas of modernization that are necessary elements of any major world port that hopes to remain competitive. A comprehensive application and integration of information technology and the infrastructure changes needed to handle large volumes of standardized shipping...
(2005). "Douala Port Container Terminal Modernization Project." Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2006/pdf/project50_full.pdf
Hillestad, R.; Van Roo, B. & Yoho, K. (2009). "Fast forward: Key Issues in Modernizing the U.S. Freight-Transportation System for Future Economic Growth." RAND Corporation. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG883.pdf
IDB. (2008). "Port of Montevideo Modernization Program." Inter-American development bank. Accessed 19 September 2010.
Levinson, M. (2006). The box: how the shipping container made the world smaller and the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
MGF. (2010). "An opportunity to modernize port operations." Move Guam forward. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://moveguamforward.com/an-opportunity-to-modernize-port-operations/
Peters, H. (2001). "Developments in Global Seatrade and Container Shipping Markets: Their Effects on the Port Industry and Private Sector Involvement." International journal of maritime economics 3(1), pp. 3-26.
Rezende, S. (1999). "Port modernization: A pyramid of interrelated challenges." United Nations economic commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/transporte/1/lcg2031/lcg2031i.pdf
USDOC. (2008). "Chile: Logistics and Transportation Investment and Opportunities." U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.buyusa.gov/chile/en/logistics_and_transportation.doc
References
Furukawa, H. (2005). "Douala Port Container Terminal Modernization Project." Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.jica.go.jp/english/operations/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2006/pdf/project50_full.pdf
Hillestad, R.; Van Roo, B. & Yoho, K. (2009). "Fast forward: Key Issues in Modernizing the U.S. Freight-Transportation System for Future Economic Growth." RAND Corporation. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG883.pdf
IDB. (2008). "Port of Montevideo Modernization Program." Inter-American development bank. Accessed 19 September 2010.
Levinson, M. (2006). The box: how the shipping container made the world smaller and the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
MGF. (2010). "An opportunity to modernize port operations." Move Guam forward. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://moveguamforward.com/an-opportunity-to-modernize-port-operations/
Rezende, S. (1999). "Port modernization: A pyramid of interrelated challenges." United Nations economic commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/transporte/1/lcg2031/lcg2031i.pdf
USDOC. (2008). "Chile: Logistics and Transportation Investment and Opportunities." U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed 19 September 2010. http://www.buyusa.gov/chile/en/logistics_and_transportation.doc
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