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(Rushefsky, 2002) Further various universities in the United States have adopted the requirements of the Supreme Court to provide reservation to racially discriminated students. This is also a step towards diversity in educational institutions. (Hamilton, 2001) the method followed by University of California is a good reference for providing preference to minority groups. The University recruits minority faculty and scholarships are arranged for high achieving deprived students from minority groups. However this requirement-based program has been criticized by the opponents of affirmative action that it involves cost to the University and thus restricts the number of eligible candidates. (Rushefsky, 2002)
Further the institution of affirmative action in the United States has been adopted by various private companies to bring about a transformation in the society. Multinational companies take up policies that favor diversity in employment. Policies include placement, scholarship and employment that clearly state the objectives similar to affirmative action. Affirmative action has brought about results in decreasing deprivation but not total abolition of deprivation in terms of employment, salary and promotion. It has been observed that various companies have changed their policies to adopt affirmative action by employing racially discriminated people and by paying them good salary. The disparity in wages that existed during early 1960's that amounted to a difference of 40% increase in the white worker's salary has now given way to equality or near equality. (Hamilton, 2001)
To conclude, it can be said that the once deprived and discriminated population of the United States can become equal with others only if policies like affirmative action prevail. (Hamilton, 2001) and affirmative...
Affirmative action has yielded good results in the case of minorities and women with regard to employment where white men once dominated. (American Psychological Association, 2008) However racial discrimination still continues at workplace in the form of aversive racism wherein attitude leads to isolation of a particular group of people. It need to be understood that symbolic racism, a way of discrimination towards black wherein they are not allowed to engage in common activity or use any public facility still prevails. Racism of these kinds is not addressed by affirmative action. (American Psychological Association, 2008) Finally, the implementation of affirmative action has still not eradicated the preference of the white in top positions like the chief executive officers of the country, chief justices, vice presidents, Presidents, house and senate leaders, etc., who still comprise the white population. (Hamilton, 2001) the policy of 'Affirmative Action' still needs to go a long way to make up for the past discrimination against minorities.
References
American Psychological Association. (2008) "A Policy That Suffers an Identity Crisis" Retrieved 14 February, 2008 at http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/affirmaction.html
Hamilton, Charles V. (2001) "Beyond Racism: Race and Inequality in Brazil, South Africa, and the United..." Lynne Rienner Publishers
Rushefsky, Mark E. (2002) "Public Policy in the United States: At the Dawn of the Twenty-First
Century" M.E. Sharpe.
Affirmative Action is an extremely important concept since it is vital to the operation of America as a democracy. It reinforces the affirmation of the Constitution that all people are born equal and should, therefore, be given an equal chance to prove themselves. Employment opportunity (and other factors) should be based on merit rather than on extraneous factors such as skin color, race, gender, physiology, and so forth. The Federal Register
In addition to changes in admission policies at universities, new workshops in education are beginning to address this issue head on, with teaching participants being taught that American history and education are both "written from the perspective of whites and that laws and policies benefit whites while putting minorities at an immediate disadvantage." (Fernandez, 1) This has helped to redirect the perspective on Affirmative Action within the profession, where
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