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" (Nora FitzGerald, 2002)
Bauhaus popularized functional design, a technique that focused specifically on the major functions of everything including buildings, textiles, tables, lamps etc. To make them more easily accessible and usable. Bauhaus artists were the first to understand the needs of the new urban breed of workers who were looking for cleaner and sleeker design in everything in order to make better use of space without feeling cramped. Gropius decided to combine Academy with the Weimar Arts and Crafts School to provide new and more comprehensive training in design. Two persons trained each student: an artist and an expert craftsman to develop "creative ambidexterity." (2)
While cubism, expressionism and Dadaism inspired early Bauhaus designs, the later designs rarely ever bore any resemblance to these art movements. The reason being that Bauhaus took birth in highly chaotic times and it took some time for the movement to gain momentum and establish its unique identity. Herbert Bayer et al. (1938) wrote: "Fortunately, the first and difficult stage of development was over fairly quickly, and Gropius' idea soon achieved realization: modern artists, familiar with science and economics, began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." (Page 15)
Today almost everything that we see around is somehow linked with Bauhaus design as it emphasized functionality. Textiles, carpets and rug designs were also influenced by Bauhaus techniques as women were specifically trained in this field. Under Bauhaus movement textile art was revolutionized and emphasis was shifted from detail-oriented designs to organic, often geometric and always abstract forms. students of textile art were trained to develop "whole new design vocabulary" (Weltge-Wortmann, Sigrid, pp. 49)
Bauhaus movement...
"Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly or entirely constructed from prefabricated elements is benefiting from a revolution in design largely brought about by the Bauhaus;"(Whitford p.10)
In the following two pictures, we can see the impact of Bauhaus design in textiles. In picture 1, we come across a textile print, which is absolutely simple in design. Bauhaus movement in textile focused on organic designs most of which emphasized simplicity and minimalism. In picture 1, this type of design is evident. Small white print is splashed neatly across a black plain background.
Similarly in picture 2, we see a better and much clearer evidence of Bauhaus influence. Bauhaus focused on colorful, often geometric designs in textile art. In this picture, we see several geometric shapes embedded in the design.
Appendix
Picture 1:
References
Frank Whitford, Bauhaus -- the world of Art, Thames & Hudson; (April 1984)
G. Naylor, the Bauhaus (London: Studio Vista, 1968), p. 50.
Gerhard H. ndler. German Painting in Our Time. Rembrandt-Verlag. Berlin: 1956
Herbert Bayer, Ise Gropius, Walter Gropius. Bauhaus, 1919-1928: Museum of Modern Art. New York. 1938.
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