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Community-Based Policing, Problem-Solving History and Results
The objective of this study is to examine community-based policing, problem-solving history and results. Towards this end, this work will review literature in this area of study.
The Bureau of Justice Assistance document entitled "Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action" states that community policing is, "in essence, a collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems." Additionally stated in the Bureau of Justice Assistance work is that problem-solving "is a broad term that implies more than simply the elimination and prevention of crimes. Problem-solving is based on the assumption that 'crime and disorder can be reduced in small geographic areas by carefully studying the characteristics of problems in the area and then applying the appropriate resources…" and on the assumption that "Individuals make choices based on the opportunities presented by the immediate physical and social characteristics of an area. By manipulating these factors, people will be less inclined to act in an offensive...
Theory Behind Problem-Oriented Policing
The Bureau of Justice Assistance states that the theory behind problem-oriented policing "is simple. Underlying conditions create problems. These conditions might include the characteristics of people involved, the social setting in which these people interact, the physical environments, and the way the public deals with these conditions." (1994) These conditions inherently produce problems resulting in indents that "while stemming from a common source, may appear to be different. These incidents are quite simply "symptoms of the problems" and will continue as long as the problem creating the incidents persists. (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1994, paraphrased) This problem-solving process involves an exchange of information between the police and community, which serves to identify the problem, and this leads to problem-solving activities, which serves to reinforce trust and keep the information exchange ongoing. Problem solving involves such as: (1) elimination of the problem; (2) reduction in…
References
Understanding Community Policing: A Framework for Action. Bureau of Justice Assistance. August 1994. Retrieved from: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/commp.pdf
Philosophy and Principles of Community-Based Policing (2006) SEESAC 2006. Retrieved from: http://www.seesac.org/uploads/studyrep/CBP_ENG_3rd_edition_FINAL.pdf
Eck, John E., and William Spelman, et al. (1983) Problem Solving: Problem-Oriented Policing in Newport News. Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum. 1987:pp.xvi -- xvii. See also Clarke, Ronald V. "Situational Crime Prevention: Its Theoretical Basis and Practical
Scope." Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, eds. Michael Tonry and Norval
Community Oriented Policing new and comprehensive strategy against crime: Community Policing: For the purpose of reducing neighborhood crimes, creating a sense of security and reduce fear of crimes among the citizens and improving the quality of life in the community, the community policing strategy will be proved to be the most effective one. The accomplishment of all these objectives to develop a healthy and clean society can be done by combining the
(1990) Municipal Government Involvement in Crime Prevention in Canada. This work provides insight into the way that municipal government interacts with the police in the organization of crime prevention structures and the delivery of crime prevention services and activities. (Hastings, 1990, p. 108) The idea of municipal government interaction in crime prevention is shown to have been spurred on in Canada by "....the successes of locally organized and community-based initiatives
Police Management: Throughout history, police management has experienced numerous changes because of the various significant changes that have continued to occur in the society. The emerging trends have contributed to the development of new policing governance, which has had considerable implications for police management. Towards the end of the 20th Century, the governmental police reforms have contributed to an end to public policing, a claim that is regarded as extrapolated
As this study points out, these encounters can lead to negative situations and even to death, injuries and legal issues. In essence, the relationship and involvement of the police from a formal point-of-view is based on two common law principles. These are, the facility and the responsibility of the police to protect the safety and welfare of the public, and secondly the principle of parens patriae, which dictates protection for
The department also received the nationally sought-after recognition of being accredited through the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) standards. As the 1990s came to a close, Miami experienced a continuing crime rate decline. In 1997, the crime rate dropped by 5%, and in 1998, the drop was another 11% in major crimes, followed by the same percentage decline in 1999. At the same time, the department
Cyprus Problem Ancient History Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus Intercommunal Conflict Establishment of the UNFICYP Turkey Bombs Cyprus Turkey Rejects UN s Mediator on Solution of Cyprus Problem New Round of Intercommunal Talks Military Junta Takes Over in Greece Kofinou Crisis Reinforced Talks with Constitutional Experts Formation of the EOKA B. And Civil Strife Junta Coup d'Etat and Turkish Invasion The Aftermath Restoration of Communal Order Great Britain Greece Turkey Greek Cypriots Turkish Cypriots Sovereignty EU and the Cypress Problem Struggle for Justice and Compromise Where Should the Solution Line be Drawn? POLICY