This algorithm is not what would turn into deadlock, for the reason that T. waits for T
only if TS (T) > TS (T
) (Elmasri, 2011).
According to the book, strict timestamp ordering differs from basic timestamp ordering because basic timestamp ordering is utilized whenever some transaction T. attempts to subject a read item (X) or a write item (X) operation, the basic to algorithm is the one that compares the timestamp of T. with read_TS (X) and write_TS (X) to ensure that the timestamp where as the strict timestamp does not. Another difference is the fact that the basic lets us know that if the proper order is violated, then transaction T. is the one that is always aborted and resubmitted to the system as a new transaction that iswith a new timestamp (Elmasri, 2011).
It is also different because if T. is aborted and rolled back, any transaction T. that could possibly be utilized as a value written by T. must also be rolled back. This does not happened in the strict timestamp because similarly, any transaction T. 2 that could possibly have used a value that is written by T. 1 must also be rolled back, and so on. This effect is recognized as cascading rollback and is one of the difficulties related with basic to, since the schedules shaped are not certain to be recoverable (Elmasri, 2011). They are also different because for strict timestamp to implement their algorithm, it is obligatory to mimic the locking of an item X that has been written by transaction T
until T
is either devoted or terminated.
Disaster recovery from catastrophic failures is handled in many different ways. The recovery manager that comes from the DBMS has to be able to be prepared to handle more catastrophic failures for instance disk crashes. The main method used to handle such crashes...
In the event of a catastrophic system failure, the most recent backup copy can be refilled from the tape to the disk, and then the system will be able to be restarted. Illustrate in detail. Data from critical applications for instance banking, stock market, insurance, and other databases is occasionally backed up in its completeness and then relocated to bodily separate safe locations (Elmasri, 2011). Subterranean storage vaults are the ones that have been used to safeguard such data from storm, earthquake, flood, or fire damage. For example with the events such as the 9/11 terrorist attack in New York (in 2001) and the Katrina hurricane disaster in New Orleans (in 2005) have created a greater awareness of disaster recovery of business-critical databases.
In preventing this measures there are things possible against SQL injection attacks that can help Protection against SQL injection attacks can be attained by applying definite programming instructions to all Web-available events and functions. The following is an example:
Filtering Input (Input Validation). This method can be used to eliminate escape characters from participation strings by using the SQL Replace function. For instance, the delimiter single quote (') can be substituted by two single quotes ("). Some SQL
Manipulation attacks can be disallowed by using this type of technique, since escape characters are the ones that can be utilized to inject manipulation attacks.
Works Cited
Elmasri, R. & . (2011). Fundamentals of database systems (6th ed). Boston, MA:.: Addison-Wesley.
