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The symptoms are similar but type 2 can be more insidious as it is more commonly undiagnosed and could possibly have been prevented with early intervention lifestyle changes. Pain and reduced circulation in the extremities and/or long-term vision loss can also occur in type 2 as does permanent nerve damage in the eyes and extremities. Dependency on insulin is present in type 1 while in type 2 other pharmacological options and even simple lifestyle and diet changes can often suffice in the early stages of the disease, though many type 2 diabetics eventually become insulin dependant. (Clark, 2004, p. 4)
Risk Factors
Ethnic minorities such as black, Asian, Pacific Islanders and Hispanic populations are more commonly effected by type 2 diabetes and type 1 diabetes but there is an increase in the Caucasian population. People who get type 2 diabetes are frequently overweight or obese, sedentary and can have other chronic diseases and disorders (such as high blood pressure of cardiovascular disease) as a result of or in conjunction with diabetes. (Orth-Gomer, Chesney & Wenger, 1998, p. 4) Type 1 diabetes has a genetic connection that is not completely understood.
Health Assessment Strategies
Health assessment strategies to identify diabetes include testing an individual for all of the risk factors, either through self report of medical data and taking single blood glucose tests. If blood glucose levels are above 100 and the individual has not recently eaten anything sweet it would then be recommended that a fasting blood glucose level be completed, where the individual goes without eating for 12 hours and then takes a glucose test. Again if this test is above 100 a glucose tolerance test is done where an individual drinks a dose of glucose and is then tested every hour until a normal functioning individual would have processed the glucose (4 hours). Anyone at risk for diabetes should be screened at least once a year to make sure the disease has not become present in the individual.
Primary and Tertiary Non-Pharmacological Prevention Strategies
Diabetes...
Tertiary prevention involves teaching those who are already at risk better behaviors to challenge the development of type 2 diabetes onset. Gestational diabetes is now routinely screened for in traditional prenatal care.
Conclusion
Diabetes Mellitus is a serious social concern as individuals with it are functionally challenged, regardless of the type of disease. The costs to individuals, communities and families is great, in both direct an indirect ways and managing diabetes is an essentially trying personal challenge. Some rise to the challenge while others succumb to bad habits and veracious disease. An estimated death toll from diabetes in the U.S. is over 200,000 per year and may be even greater due to the fact that many people die of complications that can be linked to other disorders which where exacerbated by diabetes. (ADA Website "The Dangerous Toll…" http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/dangerous-toll.jsp)
References
ADA Website (2009) "The Dangerous Toll…" http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/dangerous-toll.jsp
ADA Website (2009) "Diabetes Statistics" http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics.jsp
ADA Website (2009) "Total Prevalence" http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-statistics/prevalence.jsp
Clark, M. (2004). Understanding Diabetes. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Frequent symptoms of either hypo or hyperglycemia may occur, but if symptoms are unknown to the woman may be associated with normal pregnancy announces and not followed up on. "The severity of the symptoms and the rate at which they develop may differ, depending on the type of diabetes." (Clark, 2004, p. 3) Increased urine production, glucose in the blood and urine, ketones (undigested protein) in the blood or
However, advancements in pharmacogenetics promises new and better ways of managing diabetes. Studies have shown that Lisofylline, an anti-inflammatory compound is very effective in suppressing the autoimmune activity and in improving the islet secretion of insulin. Mice studies showed significant difference (25% vs. 91.6%) in the onset of diabetes among Lisofylline treated mice compared to placebo mice. Reduction of inflammatory cytokines IFN-? And TNF-? levels correlated with reduction in
Diabetes Management Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases that have continued to be in the forefront of public health challenges. Diabetes occurs when the body system is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Typically, insulin is a hormone secreted from the beta cell within the pancreases that regulates the blood sugar as well as assisting in conversion of glucose into energy. Diabetes occurs when there is high level of glucose
Diabetes Concept Concept Map: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathology Aetilogy Pathophysiology Pathogenesis Risk Factors: Weight, Race, Inactivity, Family history, Fat distribution, Age Prevention: Execrise, Eating habits, Regular checkups Diagnosis: Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test Random or fasting blood sugar test Oral glucose tolerance test Structural Changes: Potential brain structure changes Myocardial degradation Circulation changes Possible amputation Pancreatic changes Signs and Symptoms: Increased thrist, Frequent urination, Increased hunger, Weight loss, Fatigue, Blurred vision, Frequent infections, Sores/slow healing, Darker skin Prognosis: If untreated: Heart disease, Stroke, Kidney disease, Dialysis, Blindness, Amputation Treatment Blood sugar monitoring, Exercise, Healthy eating habits, Possible medications / insulin therapy Functional Chnages: Chnages to kidney function, Changes to pancreas
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