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Dropout rates of Latinos in U.S. And their effect on gang violence (or vice versa)
Hispanic gang violence and high school drop-out rates
Hispanic teens have the highest dropout rates of any demographic group in the United States. Gang membership amongst Latino adolescents is also increasing, rising 50% from 1999 to 2002, according to one estimate (MacDonald 2004). While rates of juvenile delinquency and gang affiliation have always been highest amongst the children of recent immigrants, the most sobering aspect of recent findings is that risk of becoming a gang member increases rather than decreases, the longer a Hispanic family remains in the U.S. (MacDonald 2004). Dropout rates for second-generation Hispanic students are higher than that for first-generation Hispanic youths, who tend to be less immersed in gang culture "a growing gang culture that offers them an identity and an outlet for their alienation, according to researchers" (We were pretty much invisible, 1998, Washington Post).
Jefferson Senior High School in the Los Angeles Unified School District has a 58% dropout rate. The population is 90% Hispanic and has one...
"Students say the gang problems divert teachers from teaching" (Hispanic-dominated L.A. school grapples with worst dropout rate and gang problems, 2008, Immigration watch). Even when Hispanic families leave the Los Angeles area to escape gang violence, the violence springs up elsewhere, given the nation-wide outreach of some of the major, Latino-affiliated gangs (We were pretty much invisible, 1998, Washington Post).
Latino's high drop-out rate and gang violence are clearly interrelated but in terms of causality, one seems to feed the other. A lack of a sense of a future within legitimate institutions such as schools causes students to turn to gangs instead to find a sense of place, identity, and empowerment within American society. Gang membership also contributes to the high drop-out rate because student's activities in gangs draw them away from school. In the short-run, gangs seem like a more attractive option than struggling to barely get by. A lack of educational assistance increases the frustration level if the student's English language skills are not strong enough to remain competitive…
References
Gratteau, Hanke. (1984). Study ties gangs, drop-out rates. The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May
7, 2011 at http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-03-25/news/8501160811_1_dropout-rate-gang-violence-chicago-public-schools
Hispanic-dominated L.A. school grapples with worst dropout rate and gang problems. (2008).
Immigration watch. Retrieved May 7, 20011 at http://jonjayray.wordpress.com/2008/08/22/hispanic-dominated-la-school-grapples-with-worst-dropout-rate-and-gang-problems/
Retrieved May 7, 2011 at http://www.city-journal.org/html/14_3_immigrant_gang.html
Retrieved May 7, 20011 at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt0525b.htm
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