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To further this hypothesis, we show a 7 percentile arrest rate for begging, an additional sign of poverty.
There are details missing from the data, however. We do not know the quality or robustness of some of the offenses; stealing lumped together, etc. Further examination might tell us more about demographic (age, ethnicity, education) in relation to a particular crime or punishment, and certainly if we knew more about the geographic universe (location) of arrest or crime, we could draw additional conclusions. For instance, were most sex crimes, assaults, and thefts committed in poorer locations (Whitechapel, for instance)?
What the data does tell us, from our brief analysis, is that we have a very stratified society in which there are three major crimes that the middle and upper classes simply cannot tolerate: breaking the peace, theft, and overt begging. We find that punishment for these crimes is swift, with the majority of sentences handed down focusing on hard labor. This tells us that Victorian society was likely less interested in rehabilitation that punishment -- deterrence perhaps, but how would hard labor reform a thief, especially a poor thief? We do not see a plethora of social programs in place during the early part of the 1800s, but instead a burgeoning industrial giant with an evolving and growing middle class who wanted the poor and their crimes "put away" from society. This interpretation...
Coming out of this era into the latter part of the 18th century, then, colonialization and militarization increased, as did the need for a more educated working class. Thanks to the tireless work of Dickens and others, many social programs were put in place that would help the disaffected poor. An interesting extension of this research, then, might be to compare even similar data for the rest of the century; particularly that of punishment type and the typical nature of individual crime.
REFERENCES
Prisoner Data from 1835-1851. From: Victorian Crime and Punishment. (2006). Legend for prisoners 323 cs.pdf
Victorian Crime and Punishment. (2006). E2BN. Cited in: http://vcp.e2bn.org/
O'Connor, E. (2000). Raw material: Producing Pathology in Victorian Culture. Duke Mitchell, S. (1996). Daily Life in Victorian England. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing.
Quinney, R. (1966). Structural Characteristics, Population Areas and Crime Rates. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 57 (1): 45-52.
Speed, P. (1975). Social Problems of the Industrial Revolution. New York: Pergammon Press.
Whitlock, T.C. (2005). Crime, Gender, and Consumer Culture in Nineteenth Century England. Burlington, VT: Ashgate…
REFERENCES
Prisoner Data from 1835-1851. From: Victorian Crime and Punishment. (2006). Legend for prisoners 323 cs.pdf
Victorian Crime and Punishment. (2006). E2BN. Cited in: http://vcp.e2bn.org/
O'Connor, E. (2000). Raw material: Producing Pathology in Victorian Culture. Duke Mitchell, S. (1996). Daily Life in Victorian England. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing.
Quinney, R. (1966). Structural Characteristics, Population Areas and Crime Rates. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 57 (1): 45-52.
(Prins, Fire-Raising) The increase in juvenile crime related arson is particularly troubling. One theory suggest that undiagnosed and untreated conduct disorder in early childhood may be the progenitors in the creation of an arsonist: From a diagnostic perspective, firesetting is a strong predictor of the continuation of conduct disorder and, in field trials, was found to be the fourth most discriminating behavior for this diagnosis among 14 diagnostic criteria, according to
Arson Fire is dangerous and can start in many different places. Fire causes much damage and risks causing much death if it's power is not properly respected and taken into consideration. Arson is a crime dealing with illegally setting fires. Fires are started all time by humans with no intent of hurting or harming anyone making the crime of arson hard to prove and difficult to fully understand. Destroying other people's
Arson investigators require a great deal of care, attention to detail and skill, because there are numerous problems that are not similar to the majority of other crime scenes. Unlike other crime scenes, which the most is done to keep the situation as found, the preservation of an arson scene is very difficult. Before the investigators get their, firefighters, onlookers, police and even the owners of the property may
Such determination is the goal of any arson investigation. The advantages of accurate and thorough fire investigations should be obvious. All fifty states statutorily allow public investigations of all fires in an effort to determine their origins and causes. This process, however, is not without complications and, too often, the cause and origin are left as unresolved and identified as undetermined causes. Some fires are the result of complex events whose
In a unanimous opinion, delivered by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Court held that an owner-occupied residence not used for any commercial purpose does not qualify as property "used in" commerce or commerce-affecting activity, such that arson of such a dwelling is not subject to federal prosecution under section 844(i). Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote for the Court that "[w]ere we to adopt the Government's expansive interpretation of section
So, if they witnessed someone else accidently start the fire, they could also still be charged with manslaughter as they were in their trial. Mental State A person's mental state is important because we should know if a defendant knows right from wrong, or if he or she is competent. When a defendant is on the witness stand or sitting in a courtroom, we usually have no way of knowing their