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In addition, a New Jersey Court decision (Jerkins v Anderson, 2007) found that schools have a duty to provide reasonable supervision and care not only at school and during school times but at school release times as well. They must adopt a reasonable policy that is designed to protect all students at all times when "connected" to the school and must be "well-suited and well equipped" to oversee dismissal, recess, and at all times during the course of a school day.
2. Propose a reasonable and legally defensible action for a school administrator to take regarding supervision of students before school hours. A School District's responsibilities are mandated in state law (RCW and WAC), district policy, accepted safety standards, and common practice. The idea is that they should provide "reasonable" services to prevent foreseeable accidents by: warning and informing, providing proper instruction, conditioning of participants, and proper and appropriate supervision" (Risk Management, 2010). If a student is on school property prior to school hours -- but at a reasonable time, then the school has accepted "custody" of that child and has a duty to supervise. Thus, if school begins at 8:45 and a student arrives at 8:00 because of transportation, the school should be open and someone there to supervise. However, an 8:45 opening would not constitute a student arriving at 6am and expecting supervision. Required supervision is typically 10-30 minutes before and after official school hours, or during school activities outside of basic school hours. Various tort laws emphasize reasonable supervision in areas (hallways, etc.) that can be construed as problem areas or issues. If the principal in question has a policy to provide adequate supervision between 10-30 minutes prior to and after school hours and during outside events, then the policy is defendable with a precedent Ungaro V. Patchogue-Medford 2005) which found that if the level of school supervision...
However, in cases of safety, principals are encouraged to err on the side of caution and warn substitutes, new teachers, and other building personnel of problem areas and/or to take reasonable precautions to prevent violence and harm (e.g. Miami-Dade County School Board v. a.N.) 2005.
REFERENCES and WORKS CONSULTED
"Jenkins v. Anderson" June 2007). National School Boards Association. a-49-06. Cited in:
http://www.nsba.org/MainMenu/SchoolLaw/Issues/Safety/RecentCases/JerkinsvAndersonA4906NJJune142007.aspx
Legal Update for District School Administrators. (October 2005). Miami-Dade County v.
A.N.; Ungaro v. Patchogue-Medford, 2005). Cited in:
http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:lz-OFFP3kZoJ:www.uca.edu/leadershipstudies/documents/2005NovDSA_000.pdf+male+student+raped+in+school+bathroom&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiAwZNdn9SF5aRdcA52upqM_jIXGLN_QV8hOSTpR592u8p7Y8E772-Ve-fp3rEz3oZV3jghFgB5FpXzcceSOjGpJ60j_KImr53HgNPYA4twB5SWbjr8l0hdT9uQYF9nuDDFGL&sig=AHIEtbSpDd2RUd9sTQ7jslZQiKfJ2egB_Q
Office for Civil Rights. (2009). "Protecting Students With Disabilities." U.S. Department of Education. Cited in:
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq.html
Risk Management. (Winter 2010). "School Supervision Problem Areas." Cited in:
http://smerc.org/insurance/pdf/newsletters/Risk_winter_10_Insert.pdf
"Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act." (n.d.). Section508.Gov. Cited in:
http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=15
Supreme Court of the United States. 1985. New Jersey v. T.L.O. 469 U.S. 325. Cited in:
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0469_0325_ZS.html
Switzer, J. (2003). Disabled Rights: American Disability Policy. Georgetown University Press.
REFERENCES and WORKS CONSULTED
"Jenkins v. Anderson" June 2007). National School Boards Association. a-49-06. Cited in:
http://www.nsba.org/MainMenu/SchoolLaw/Issues/Safety/RecentCases/JerkinsvAndersonA4906NJJune142007.aspx
Legal Update for District School Administrators. (October 2005). Miami-Dade County v.
A.N.; Ungaro v. Patchogue-Medford, 2005). Cited in:
http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:lz-OFFP3kZoJ:www.uca.edu/leadershipstudies/documents/2005NovDSA_000.pdf+male+student+raped+in+school+bathroom&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiAwZNdn9SF5aRdcA52upqM_jIXGLN_QV8hOSTpR592u8p7Y8E772-Ve-fp3rEz3oZV3jghFgB5FpXzcceSOjGpJ60j_KImr53HgNPYA4twB5SWbjr8l0hdT9uQYF9nuDDFGL&sig=AHIEtbSpDd2RUd9sTQ7jslZQiKfJ2egB_Q
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/504faq.html
http://smerc.org/insurance/pdf/newsletters/Risk_winter_10_Insert.pdf
http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=15
http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0469_0325_ZS.html
Businesswire.com). National Educational Technology / State Leadership: The State Educational Technology Directors Association (SETDA) has released its 7th annual National Educational Technology Trends Report and it indicates that technology is playing "an increasingly important role" in K-12 school improvement efforts. Leadership in technology training in schools is vital if the future needs of all students are to be met, according to an article in Yacht Charters Magazine (Marketwire, 2010). The article
Conservatives, on the other hand, have many passions and one of them is a color-blind government. Most of them believe that all policies of discrimination should be discarded. They view these policies as unwise, immoral and unconstitutional. Three conservative organizations submitted a collective brief to the Supreme Court on the Michigan cases. These organizations were the Center for Equal Opportunity, the Independent Women's Forum and the American Civil Rights
The results showed that 37% of those responding have had "some type of frequent involvement in bullying"; the data showed that 17.5% of those thirty-seven percent of the student population were victims, 11.7% were bullies, and 8.4% were both bullies and victims (bully/victim). Interestingly, and going back to the Handbook of Educational Psychology's view of bullying as acting out ethnocentrism, "minority youth were significantly more likely to be categorized as
" (Simon, 188) the fundamental perspective here is that leadership and the ability to apply actions based on culturally driven decisions are central to helping members of the organization learn in a concrete manner how best to accord with the reigning culture. In order for this to occur though, there must be a certain initial scrutiny and selectiveness where leadership and personnel are concerned, endorsing an organization-wide emphasis on the quality
Furthermore, when groups began people naturally turned to the group leader for direction and advice. It would be accurate to state that most of the relating was to the group leader at that point. However, by exercising linking behavior, I was able to get the group members to look to each other for understanding and help. Initially, I had to point out when people were saying things that would indicate
School Culture on School Safety Many studies have been done on safety in schools. Likewise, many studies have been done on the culture of various schools. Unfortunately, there has not been significant research on a link between the two. This is not to say that these kinds of studies have not been done, but rather that there has not been enough of them. Many of the studies that have been