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Family Therapy
Family therapists have a variety of therapeutic approaches they might choose for use in their practice. Two approaches with significant differences are the object-relation, or psychodynamic approach, and the cognitive-behavioral approach.
The psychodynamic approach looks at the personality development and emotional processes within each member of the family group as well as how the family interacts, and how this is reflected by the psychodynamics of each individual (Gurman & Lebow, 1995). By contrast, the cognitive-behavioral approach looks at the interactions of the individuals within the group as well as how the family as a whole functions. This approach looks at behaviors between individuals and communication patterns, and focuses on improved communication styles and problem-solving (Gurman & Lebow, 1995).
In spite of their differences, both approaches have some things in common. In both approaches, the goal is to help the family unit function in a more healthy way. In addition, both approaches face the reality that at least some family members may be in family therapy against their will, feeling coerced by other family members, school, or the court to participate (Alexander et. al., 1996).
Very often these families exhibit open conflict. While this will help the therapist observe immediate problems, the family unit as a whole will respond to changes in any member of the family. Whether a psychodynamic or a cognitive-behavioral approach is used, the family unit may resist change, sometimes quite markedly (Alexander et. al., 1996).
The most significant difference between a purely psychodynamic approach and a cognitive-behavioral approach is that in the cognitive-behavioral approach, the therapist will not be concerned with what has caused the individuals to form the personalities they exhibit (Alexander et. al., 1996). Focus will be on leading all the family members to behave in more functional ways. The psychodynamic view argues that behavior is driven by inner conflicts that must be identified and dealt with if real change is to occur (Gurman & Lebow, 1995).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alexander, James F.; Newell, Robert M.; Robbins, Michael S.; and Turner, Charles W. 1996. "The Immediate Effect of Reframing on Client Attitude in Family Therapy." Journal of Family Psychology, Vol. 10.
Gurman, Alan S., and Lebow, Jay L. 1995. "Research Assessing Couple and Family Therapy." Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 46.
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