Poor and unproductive interaction was a sign of a problem in one of the ego states. Berne concluded that nearly everyone suffered from a problematic ego, and that most people tried to make up for their defects by "playing games" with other people. Although Berne's idea of ego states (parent, adult, child) does not correlate to Freud's idea of id, ego, super-ego -- both explanations offer a similar kind of view of the psyche.

However, as each person presents his or her own unique ego-state, no universal ego-state may apply to humanity as a whole. In fact, transactional analysis relies upon the observation of individual patients' manifestation of their own ego-state through interaction with others. Freudian psychoanalysis, however, applies a universal model, sexually oriented in nature, to a universal psyche. While transactional analysis...

Psychoanalysis relies more upon the questioning of the psychoanalyst than on the observation of the interaction of the patient with others.
In conclusion, the two theories present seemingly similar ideas of what constitutes the psyche (id, ego, super-ego vs. The ego-states of child, adult, parent), but the approach and treatment of each is different. While Berne builds on what Freud establishes, he also directly participates in patients' treatment by observing and commenting upon interactions; Freud, however lets patients probe their own unconscious motivations.