LANDFORMS Barrier island beaches generally develop where:

a The coast is composed of hard rock b the nearby land has a rugged topography of hills and mountains c the sea floor deepens rapidly offshore d The sea floor remains shallow for a long distance offshore

During storms in winter:

a There is a higher percentage of fine-grained sand on beaches

b More erosion occurs in bays than on headlands

c Beaches are eroded d Beaches are built up e Offshore sand bars are destroyed

Along the Midocean ridge

a earthquakes occur b sea floor spreading occurs c volcanism occurs d all the above occur

Where would you find examples of barrier island coasts?

a Oregon

b California

c British Columbia and Alaska

d Texas and the Gulf Coast

e Hawaii

Which of the following boundaries characterize the San Andreas Fault?

a Spreading

b Convergent

c Transform

d None of the above

Construction of dams upstream on rivers may lead to:

a Narrower beaches b Wider beaches c The filling in of bays d The building of a barrier island

7. In the late 1920's until the present, the movement of plates is thought to be due to a convection currents in the crust b convection currents in the mantle c convection currents in the core d earthquakes along subduction zones

8. ____ are mudflows due to rapid melting of snow packs along the sides of snow covered mountains.

a Pyroclastic avalanche b Pahoehoe

c AA

d Lahars

9.Question: Longshore currents are likely to travel along the coast from:

a North to South

b South to North

c West to East

d In a southwest direction e In a westerly direction

10. Volcanism in Iceland is due to which of the following plate boundaries?

a Spreading

b Convergent

c Transform

d None of the above

11. Subduction zones are mostly likely found where an ocean crust collides with ocean crust

b ocean crust collides with continental crust c continental crust collides with continental crust d where continental crust divergence takes place

12. The longest continuous chain of mountains formed by tectonic processes is found a in North America

b in South America

c in Asia

d on the ocean floor

14. The "Ring of Fire" is due to an ocean crust colliding with ocean crust

b ocean crust colliding with continental crust c continental crust colliding with continental crust d where continental crust divergence takes place

16. Volcanoes are found an along the midocean ridge

b near subduction zones

c hot spots (mantle plumes)

d all of the above

Rivers

17. What is discharge?

a a stream's cross-sectional area multiplied by its velocity b the volume of a stream divided by it's cross-sectional area c the width of a stream times it's depth d the amount of water flowing past a certain point in a given amount of time e both a and d

18. Two different drainage basins or watersheds are separated from each other by an imaginary line called:

a a divide b a trellis c a floodplain d a gully e a terrace

19. Which of these factors contributes to stream velocity?

a stream channel size b stream gradient c stream channel shape d all of the above e only b and c

20. Which river has the largest discharge?

a Congo

b Mississippi

c Amazon

d Nile

e Brahmaputra

21. The volcanoes that comprise the Hawaiian Islands are a shield volcanoes b composite volcanoes c cinder cones d none of the above

22. When do floods occur?

a when a stream is diverted by the headward erosion of another stream b when a stream channel is altered to speed the flow of water c when a stream's discharge exceeds the capacity of its channel d only during the spring e when the artificial levees are overrun

23. The limiting level below which a stream cannot erode is known as the:

a Meander

b Base Level

c Gradient

d Discharge

e Velocity

24. A meander that has been completely separated from a river is called:

a an incised meander b an oxbow lake c a drainage basin d a cutoff e a cut bank.

25. Which one of the following is the key factor controlling stream erosion, transport, and deposition?

a Sediment Load

b Gradient

c Temperature

d Velocity

26. How does a stream change as its discharge increases?

a Stream velocity, channel width and depth, all increase b Stream velocity increases, but channel width and depth decreases c Stream velocity, channel width and depth, all decrease d Stream channel depth and width increases, load decreases, and velocity decreases

27. An area which has NOT been glaciated may show ?

a Hanging valleys b V shape valleys c Corries

d Drumlins

28. Which part of a stream's load is actually held in solution?

a weathered load b suspended load c chemical load d dissolved load e bed load

29. Which one of the following statements is true about dams?

a They help build up beaches b They lower the water table c They cause deposition below the dam d They cause erosion below the dam

30. Rejuvenation of a stream channel (renewed erosive activity) can be caused by:

a A higher sea level b A lower sea level...

What is the sediment deposit that forms when a stream enters the sea or a lake?
a An Alluvial Fan

b A Natural Levee

c A Delta

d A Floodplain

33. Which one of the following supplies base flow (a constant supply of water) to a stream?

a Overland flow after precipitation b Groundwater seeping into the stream channel c Rainfall during thunderstorms d Snowmelt

34. The volume of water that flows past a given point in a given time is the stream's:

a Capacity

b Gradient

c Discharge

d Load

35. The pebbles and boulders that are transported by a stream along the bottom of its channel are called:

a Bedload

b Suspended Load

c Dissolved Load

d Overload

BIOMES

38. Rain Forest wildlife of Asia include all of the following except a Orangutan

b Gorilla

c Red Lory.

d Bengal Tiger

e King Cobra

39. Deserts are most likely to occur a at 30 degrees above and below the equator.

b in the rain shadows of mountains.

c where cool, dry air descends.

d All of the above e None of the above

41. The eastern side of the Rockies tends to receive much less rainfall than the western side. This phenomenon is attributed to a convection currents.

b the rain shadow.

c human impact.

d All of the above e None of the above

42. This biome is scattered across the planet and accounts for only 3% of water on Earth. Salinity (salt) levels in this area are generally less than 1%.

a freshwater biome b estuary c marine biome d none of the above

45. You are in an area where the water fluctuates between very salty and not-so-salty. You look around you and see that the region is at the mouth of where a river and the ocean meet. You are most likely in a (n) ____ biome.

a estuarine aquatic biome b river aquatic biome c tundra terrestrial biome d inter-tidal aquatic biome e None of the above

GEOLOGY

47. Metamorphosed sandstone is called a Marble

b Slate

c Gneiss

d Quartzite

e None of the above

49. The Ural Mountains were formed primarily by a Volcanism

b Rifting

c continental collision d intrusion of magma

50. Field capacity of a soil tends to increase with an increasing clay content b decreasing clay content c increasing sand content d decreasing sand content e Field capacity is not associated with soil

53. The Red Sea lies in a rift zone b subduction zone

c transform fault zone d deep sea trench

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

55. The two most important elements in a climatic description are temperature and a wind direction b precipitation c pressure d wind speed e altitude

58. Multi-layer clouds are heavy precipitation producers. Which of the following may be considered in this category?

a Nimbostratus

b Cirrostratus

c Cumulonimbus

d a and b e a and c

66. What percent of the Earth's water is fresh and accessible?

a 0.60%

b 5.20%

c 10.60%

d 17.30%

e 24.20%

68. Where is most accessible fresh water found?

a Groundwater

b Rivers

c Lakes

d Ocean

69. ____ dams resist the force of the water entirely by their own weight.

a Arch

b Buttress

c Dike

d Gravity

e Embankment

HYDROLOGY

70. The evaporative loss of water from leaves is termed:

a Evaporation

b Evapotranspiration

c Transpiration

d Perspiration

e Saturation

HURRICANES

74. Spring tides are tides that ...

a have lows lower than normal and highs higher than normal

b have lows higher than normal and highs lower than normal

c are unpredictable d occur in the spring of the year

CARTHOGRAPHY

83. One of the distinctive features of a topographic map is that it shows ...

a Roads

b Latitudes

c Elevations

d scale of distances e Man-made structures

84. The cartographic technique by which points on the sphere of the Earth are transferred to points on the plane surface of a map is ...

a Trajection

b Projection

c Intersection

d Interpolation

e approximation

85. The Mercator projection is actually which type of projection?

a Conical

b Gnomonic

c Zenithal

d Conformal

e cylindrical

86. The reference lines on a globe which circle the Earth parallel to the equator are lines of ...

a Elevation

b Northings

c Latitude

d longitude

87. How many acres are in the E1/2 of the NW1/2 of the SW1/2 of a section?

a 40

b 20

c 80

d 60

e 10

BIOMES

90. What is the main cause of the dry conditions in the Atacam ?

a The rain clouds are all blocked by the Andes Mountains.

b A cold current off shore causes condensation of water vapor in the clouds before they reach land.

c It is too hot to rain.

d There is no source of water nearby.

91. Rain Forest wildlife of South America include all of the following except…