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S. could employ, especially through the use of artillery. All these led to Fredendall losing the respect of his own commanders, to the degree to which they could, at any moment, consider that his orders would not be beneficial for their own divisions.
In firing Fredendall, the most important leadership challenge for Eisenhower was to accept the fact that he had been wrong in appointment Fredendall to such a position for which the qualities he had did not recommend him. In other words, as a good leader, Eisenhower had to accept that he could make mistake, but, on the other hand, minimize the effect that such mistakes could have had on the overall evolution of the war. There is no doubt that Fredendall was named at George Marshall's lobby, but also that Eisenhower fully accepted Fredendall and regarded him as a competent and useful commander. Indeed, he told Marshall that "I bless the day you urged Fredendall upon me and cheerfully acknowledge that my earlier doubts of him were completely unfounded"
It is also interested to note the manner in which Eisenhower solved the leadership challenge that presented itself. The fact that he relieved Fredendall of his command, thus recognizing his own error in appointing him, solved the problem of Fredendall's incompetence on the field of command. However, Eisenhower had no interest to go beyond this and further punish Fredendall....
He simply recommended that he be reassigned to a training command, which meant that Fredendall had not been officially demoted and could be further promoted in his military career, which actually happened in June 1943, when he became Lieutenant General. Nevertheless, he would no longer be assigned to any field command position and would spent the remaining career only in training ones.
Strategic Leadership Primer, Department of Command, Leadership and Management, United States Army War College
31. The Dreariest Chapter in the History of Allied Collaboration
Ibid.
Ibid.
Chapter 1 -- The Soldier and the Statesman
About the White House Presidents -- Dwight D. Eisenhower, White House, http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/DwightDEisenhower / last accessed on July 20, 2009
Dwight Eisenhower, History Learning Site, 2009, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/dwight_eisenhower.htm last accessed on July 20, 2009
Ibid.
Steven L., Ossad (March 2003). "Command Failures: Lessons Learned from Lloyd R. Fredendall." Army Magazine. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724 o "http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724" ?http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724? last accessed on 20 November 2008
Dwight Eisenhower, History Learning Site, 2009, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/dwight_eisenhower.htm last accessed on July 20, 2009
Ibid.
Steven L., Ossad (March 2003). "Command Failures: Lessons Learned from Lloyd R. Fredendall." Army Magazine. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724 o "http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724" ?http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3723/is_200303/ai_n9222724? last accessed on 20 November 2008
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