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¶ … Evans, E.G. & Sigurgeirsson, B. (1999, April 17). Double blind, randomised study of continuous terbinafine compared with intermittent itraconazole in treatment of toenail onychomycosis. British Medical Journal, 318, pp. 1031-1036.
Key Points: This study examined the effectiveness of two new medications for the treatment of toenail fungus compared to the current recommended treatment. Both new medicines were found to be more effective.
This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, double dummy, multicenter, parallel group study. The study took place over a period of 72 weeks (about 16-1/2 months) and involved 38 investigators from 35 centres in six different European countries (Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom).
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of continuous terbinafine with intermittent itraconazole in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Onychomycosis is among the most common diseases of the nail as well as being among the few curable diseases if the condition is diagnosed sufficiently early and accurately. Innovations in pharmacological preparations have provided new treatments for onychomycosis which include: (a) terbinafine (this is an allylamine that is primarily fungicidal) and (b) itraconazole...
Both of these medications are significant improvements over the conventional treatment which relied on griseofulvin to treat this condition.
Subjects: A total of 496 patients aged 18 to 75 years with a clinical and mycological diagnosis of dermatophyte onychomycosis of the toenail participated in the study.
Experiment: The subjects were divided randomly into four parallel groups:
1. Two groups (groups T12 and T16) received terbinafine 250 mg a day for 12 or 16 weeks, respectively; (groups T12 and T16)
2. Two groups (groups I3 and I4) received itraconazole 400 mg a day for 1 week in every 4 weeks for 12 or 16 weeks, respectively.
Main outcome measures: The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated at week 72 to determine the extent of the mycological cure, defined as negative results on microscopy and culture of samples from the target toenail, if any.
Results: At the time of evaluation (week 72), slightly more than three-quarters (75.7%) of the subjects' mycological cure rates were:
1. T12 group: 75.7% (81/107);
2. T16 group: 80.8% (80/99);
3. I3 group: 38.3% (41/107); and
4. I4 group: 49.1% (53/108).
The comparison…
Objective: To identify effective search protocols for locating timely and relevant peer-reviewed journal articles and scholarly resources for medical researchers in general and orthopedic surgeons in particular at the time of writing (2004).
Overview: On the one hand, there is more relevant medical information available to researchers today than ever before; on the other hand, though, finding precisely what is needed in an efficient fashion involves a knowledge of what resources are available and how best to use them to find what is wanted. Moreover, finding gold-standard studies that rely on randomized controlled trials and are published in the English language within a certain timeframe (the past 3-5 years is common) can be a challenging enterprise if certain steps are not taken to use the Boolean arguments that are available in MEDLINE and other reliable online research resources such as Excerpta Medica, Science Citation Index. Many healthcare practitioners, especially orthopedic surgeons who lack training in these areas, may not have the requisite search skills needed to access the best of evidence-based practices available online today.
Search Techniques: The authors provide several useful (at the time) tips and guidelines for medical researchers to help them locate relevant studies of interest as well as specific papers using various indexing methods and by searching selected fields, depending on the database interface. Significant advances in making the search algorithms and experience more efficient in recent years may make some of these observations obsolete or of limited value today.
Authors present the results of a national law enforcement technology survey and comparable forensics technology survey that was conducted by the RAND Corporation to assess the effectiveness of this support and constraints to applying forensic technologies at the state and local level. Authors devote several chapters to different types of forensic analyses, including what types of techniques are best suited for various types of crimes and the evidence that
E-Mail in Business Communication E-mail: History, Relation, and Impact on effective Business Communication Email in Business Communication Electronic Mail Impact of Email to Business Communication Implications of Emails as Business Communication Tools Email is an important form of communication in today's organization that is increasingly seeing a geographical dispersal of the workforce. To communication tool has replaced traditional business letters and memos in preference for email memos. The research carried out a review of literature on
Part 2: Evaluating Emails Jump ahead in the textbook and read pp. 365-71, on email etiquette, and check out this website, which lists 101 email etiquette tips: http://101emailetiquettetips.com/ Then, read over a wide selection of emails that you received and sent over the past week or so, in both personal and professional contexts, and assess how well those emails follow the etiquette outlined both in the textbook and on the website. Write
On the other extreme, some held up Handel's music, especially his religious English oratorios, as the absolute embodiment of English musical style. As a result, English music and Handel in particular gained a false reputation on the European continent as being overly moral and religious. This has been a difficult reputation for Handel to shake, even in the 20th and 21st centuries. Because his most significant contribution to the development
Both American and international consumers, fearing for their jobs as the unemployment rate continues to escalate, are unwilling to make major purchases such as new cars, particularly from a company that is perceived as making 'gas guzzling' vehicles like G.M. Credit also remains difficult to obtain from banks, and few consumers can afford to buy a new car with cash. Even consumers with secure jobs are concerned about the
Lesson Plan Amp; Reflection I didn't know what state you are in so was unable to do state/district standards! Lesson Plan Age/Grade Range; Developmental Level(s): 7-8/2nd Grade; Below grade level Anticipated Lesson Duration: 45 Minutes Lesson Foundations Pre-assessment (including cognitive and noncognitive measures): All students are reading below grade level (5-7 months) as measured by standardized assessments and teacher observation Curricular Focus, Theme, or Subject Area: Reading: Fluency, word recognition, and comprehension State/District Standards: Learning Objectives: Students will develop