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Plastic
surgery is recognized by certifiable associations as the surgery to repair
defects of form or function, which includes cosmetic surgery and
reconstructive surgery; whereas, cosmetic surgery refers to surgery that is
designed to improve appearance.
The problem with this is that in other countries, many doctors that
are not qualified as surgeons also perform cosmetic procedures. This
increases the risk of plastic surgery, when a non-board surgeon is
performing the surgery. Critics of plastic surgery also not that the
danger lies not in the actual surgery, but in the administration of the
anesthetic. An incorrect does of anesthetic can be fatal for those that
would have otherwise have had no problems with the surgical procedure.
Reconstructive surgery also has risks and uncertainties, such as the
possibility of infection, bleeding, blood clots and adverse reactions to
anesthesia. Critics of plastic surgery generally advise patients that
their risks can be reduced by choosing a qualified plastic surgeon and
closely following his or her advice, before and after surgery.
Plastic Surgery Pros
Plastic surgery also has several advantages, especially in the area
of reconstructive surgery. Reconstructive surgery is used to correct
deficiencies that would otherwise have no means of treatment.
Reconstructive surgery has...
It can also be used to
repair injuries suffered in accidents, and has led to saving limbs and
restoring joints that otherwise would be irreparable. Burns can be
repaired by skin grafting, and facial injuries involving extensive dental
repair are common procedures for plastic surgery, that can improve an
individual's self esteem as well as their ability to perform usual and
normal functions. Additionally, the field of plastic surgery has widely
grown, increasing the accuracy of procedures. Finally, as innovations in
this area allow plastic surgery to flourish, the restoration of normal
human form and function will become safer.
Bibliography
American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2006). The History of Plastic
Surgery, ASPS and
PSEF. Retrieved November 20, 2006 from
http://www.plasticsurgery.org/History.cfm?
Ciaschini, M. (2005). The History of Plastic Surgery. Retrieved November
20, 2006
from http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic433.htm
Johnson, D. & Whitworth, I. (2002). Recent Developments in Plastic Surgery.
BMJ,
325(7359): 319.
McDowell, F. (1978). Plastic Surgery in the Twentieth Century. Ann Plastic
Surg., Mar.
1(2): 217.
Bibliography
American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2006). The History of Plastic
Surgery, ASPS and
PSEF. Retrieved November 20, 2006 from
http://www.plasticsurgery.org/History.cfm?
Ciaschini, M. (2005). The History of Plastic Surgery. Retrieved November
20, 2006
from http://www.emedicine.com/plastic/topic433.htm
Johnson, D. & Whitworth, I. (2002). Recent Developments in Plastic Surgery.
Plastic surgery is often described by proponents of its use as "medical enhancement" but it should be viewed more properly as whether or not it is medically necessary (Miller). The question should be asked whether or not such surgery is needed for the maintenance or restoration of health. The medical enhancement approach would point out that there is a segment of society that seek plastic surgery as a method of
("Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty)," 2007) 5. Breast Reduction (Mammaplasty): Breast reduction in women, performed 160,531 times in 2005, closely follows tummy tuck as the 5th most popular cosmetic surgery procedure in the United States. It is directed at women with very large, pendulous breasts who are extremely self-conscious or may be experiencing other medical problems because of their large breasts. The procedure removes fat, glandular tissue, and skin from the breasts,
North American Women Continue to be the Primary Targets and Consumers of Cosmetic Surgery? In a world in which we are judged by how we appear, the belief that we can change our appearance through cosmetic surgery is liberating to a lot of women. The growing popularity of cosmetic surgery is a testament to society's overrated fixation with appearance. For women living in North America, their appearance is in fact
Social Acceptance of Elective Cosmetic Surgery: A dangerous addiction to perfection Reconstructive surgery has its uses, such as restoring the face or body of someone disfigured in a car crash or other accident, or helping someone with genuine physical limitations (such as a harelip) which can have major negative medical and social consequences. However, the majority of reconstructive or plastic surgery is performed for purely cosmetic purposes in the United States.
Many if not most of the news articles are not actually news at all, but rather, similar in content and tone to the procedure information pages. The news articles appear to be written as marketing material intended to encourage prospective clients to learn more about the procedures they are interested in and use the services of one of the listed doctors. In spite of its drawbacks, though, the Aboardcertifiedplasticsurgeon.com Web
In many cases, looking to plastic surgery to solve problems with body issues can actually lead to what is known as Self-Injurious Behaviors, or SIB, (White Kress 2003:490). People have gone overboard with excessive surgeries which are never enough. This has impacted the medical environment drastically. These changes are even as simple as methods of payment, "Changes in health-care practices are the main reason behind growing credit card use for