¶ … Psychological Test
There have been many definitions of a test. For example, Kline (1993, P. 16) defines a psychological test as a standardized measure of behavior. Hogan (2007, p.41) considers such definitions lacking and instead offers a more comprehensive definition, "A test is a standardized process or device that yields information about a sample of behavior or cognitive processes in a quantified manner."
Categories of Psychological Tests
According to Hogan (2007) there are five categories of psychological tests. The first category consists of mental ability tests (Hogan, 2007, p. 5). Mental abilities can include a wide variety of cognitive functions such as memory of creative thinking, but most often these are classified as intelligence tests. These tests can be administered in individually, in groups, or other formats. One of the most common individual mental ability tests is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale -- IV (WAIS-IV), whereas Hogan (p. 5) states that a group mental ability test is the Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT). These tests can be used by clinicians, researchers, academic placement services and many others. Mental ability tests are most often used to measure certain cognitive functions in people (such as the WAIS-IV) or to predict performance on another criterion (e.g., the SAT is used to predict college GPA).
The second category of psychological tests is achievement tests (Hogan, 2007, p. 6). These tests are designed to measure the level of knowledge or skill in a particular area that a person has. Of course...
Often, psychological testing is used to determine a candidate's approach to conflict resolution, identify the candidate's stress factors and coping mechanisms, or to possibly identify potential management skills and preferences. These and other insights are very important to potential employers, especially when it pertains to the higher-level professions and when the company has a large amount of money and a large commitment on the line. The article concludes that psychological
The opposing side, which sports a more eclectic set of disciplinary backgrounds and prides itself on a more sophisticated and inclusive perspective, divides human abilities into broad classes -- logical, spatial, interpersonal, verbal, etc. -- and labels each class an "intelligence." The two sides then proceed to talk past each other. (Casse, 1998, p. 33) The resulting controversy then falls back to the idea of socio-cultural differences, and race/gender/culture/environment. (Skidmore
Psychological and Socio-Cultural Theories of Risk Definition of Risk The term "risk" is often defined differently depending on the particular paradigm. For example, risk is economics is typically defined in terms of differences in possible monetary outcomes and individuals/corporations involved in risk -- seeking behavior are typically seeking higher monetary payoffs (Markowitz 1952). When clinical psychologists, sociologists, law enforcement officials, and lay individuals identify "risky behaviors" they are referring to a broader
Purpose: The Woodcock-Johnson III Diagnostic Reading Battery's designation is for assessment and measurement of the important dimensions of phonological oral language abilities and phonological awareness, both in adult and children. Population: Both adults and children (age of 3-80 years). Date of Publication: 2004. Acronym(s): WJ III (DRB). Score Scales: Reading Comprehension, Basic Reading Skills, Phonics Knowledge, Broad Reading, Brief Reading, Total Reading, Reading Fluency, Spelling of Words, Oral Comprehension, Reading Vocabulary. Time: 50-60 minutes. Administration: Individual. Author
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) The TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) has long been used to assist psychoanalysts elicit fantasy material from their patients (Morgan & Murray, 1935). According to Belleck and Murray (1973), the TAT was designed to bring forth interpretations by subject of social situations. Stories and pictures reveal some of the dominant drives, emotions, sentiments, conflicts, and complexes of a personality. The original cards used in the test were drawn
Psychological Climate The notion of the individual's environment as a direct determinant of one's behavior has been a cornerstone of learning theorists such as Skinner (1953) and Lewin's field theory (B = f [P, E]; Lewin, 1951). While Skinner concentrated on how environmental contingencies and reinforcement shaped behavior, Lewin's original conceptualization consisted of both dispositional characteristics of individual that include both genetic and the chacterological variables (P; the Person) and the
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