¶ … independent variable is the younger alcohol abuse patterns, and the dependent is current alcohol abuse. For research question 2, the independent variable is the presence of a spouse, life partner, or if he/she is single. Here, the dependent variable is current alcoholism.

The two research questions can lead to the creation of ten control variables. For research question 1, there is alcohol abuse in younger years, degree of alcohol use in younger years, treatment in younger years, education levels, and a criminal past. For the second research program is the presence of a spouse, presence of a life partner, being single, divorced, has had previous meaningful relationships, has never had previously meaningful relationships

Question 3

These can be further defined for their time. This includes defining them as follows: alcohol abuse in younger years (nominal), degree of alcohol use in younger years (interval), treatment in younger years (nominal), education levels (interval), criminal past (ordinal). For the second research question, they are as follows: presence of a spouse (nominal), presence of a life partner (nominal), being single (nominal), divorced (nominal), has had previous meaningful relationships (ordinal), and has never had previously meaningful relationships (ordinal).

Question 4

Validity is important to show that the research measures its intended variables appropriately. Concurrent validity can be proven in terms of the independent variable of a participant being married, because marriage licenses could be required to produce if the participant is claiming he or she is married.

Question 5

Reliability ensures consistency in the measurement device. This can be done in terms of the dependent variable of alcoholism through the calculation and use of a reliability coefficient.

Question 6

Number of Shows

Frequency

0

5

1

5

2

5

3

3

4

2

Question 7

The histogram would be most appropriate because it allows for numerical data to be presented on the x axis because of the numerical associations of the frequencies and represents continuous data.

Question 8