Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Smoking: Cause and Effect
Smoking has always been a serious and controversial issue since it is on the one hand projected as a health hazard while on the other, we see all the glamorous, so-called health conscious people with cigarettes in their hands all around us. Therefore most people find themselves faced with a dilemma when it comes to the issue of quitting smoking. They cannot be convinced that it is a health hazard that could not only reduce number of years in one's life but can also affect one's quality of life. It is therefore extremely important to focus on the effects of smoking in the light of research and explain that smoking is actually the cause of several health problems.
Let us first focus on the effects of Smoking on Life expectancy. As mentioned earlier, smoking is a serious health hazard that can reduce the number of years in an otherwise healthy person's life. Recent research proves that smoking kills 120,000 people every year. These are not numbers but actual human beings who could have lived longer had they quit smoking. We already know that in these modern times, the life expectancy for men is 75 and almost 80 for women, yet quarter of the smoking population...
(Peto et al. 1994)
The same research shows that those who continue smoking for a large part of their lives die 16 years earlier compared to non-smokers. It has also been found that smoking is the biggest killer for younger people. According to an estimate, of every 1000 smokers aged 20 years, 250 are likely to die from smoking as they reach middle age. It is even more surprisingly to know that out of the same number, only one person is likely to get murdered and six are estimated to die in road accidents. (Peto et al. 1994)
Apart from reducing life expectancy, smoking is now an established cause of major heart and lung diseases. It has been found that at least 80% of lung and heart disease cases are directly connected to smoking. These figures are supported by Chaloupka et al. (1999) research that throws light on the health hazards of smoking:
Today, cigarette smoking is established as the leading cause of lung cancer (responsible for approximately 90% of lung cancer deaths in the U.S.), the leading cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (responsible for over 80% of chronic obstructive pulmonary…
References
Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J. et al.: Imperial Cancer Research Fund and World Health Organisation. Mortality from smoking in developing countries 1950-2000 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994
Frank J. Chaloupka, Kenneth Warner: The Economics of Smoking, National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1999
Nicotine Addiction in Britain: Retrieved online 27th August 2004 at http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/books/nicotine/2-physical.htm
Smoking Cessation Interventions Psychosocial and Pharmacological Interventions on Smoking Of the many causes of death in the world, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains one of the top global killers with an estimated 7.2 million people dying each year (Howell, 2011). The United States comprises a great majority of this mortality rate, which is approximately 450, 000 deaths in the United States alone (Capewell, et.al, 2010). Fortunately, since the 1970s CHD mortality rates
SMOKING History of smoking and the effects on health History of smoking The history of smoking and its effect on health Hard as it may believe to be today, the ill effects of smoking were not always well-known. The practice originated in the Americas with the Native Americans and the European colonists also indulged in the practice. Tobacco was a major cash crop in the South even before America formally became a nation. "Most
Smoking History of Smoking It is seen that people have continued through out our development without smoking. But it is also evident that people have been engaged in smoking since the earliest times of Roman Empire. This was not tobacco, however, Cyprus grass instead, coltsfoot, and lavender. They engaged in smoking more for healing causes than just entertaining. The sailors those accompanied Columbus on his adventures to the 'New World' were considered
Furthermore, smokers are also in greater danger than non-smokers of premature death as a result of their habit. Indeed, the Action on Smoking and Health Web site states that worldwide, a staggering 5 million smokers per year die prematurely, and that half of all smokers are at risk of premature death. The prospects for non-smokers exposed to secondary smoke are also gloomy. According to Science News Online. http://www.sciencenews.org/pages/sn_arc98/1_17_98/fob1.htm (accessed 07March07),
" (Montini, Bero, 2008) During their research, Montini and Bero spoke with many bar owners and discussed the problem of compliance with the law. They found that generally they all wanted to comply because compliance meant no fines and bars had very slim margin of profits which meant they did not want to owe any money to the agencies. But they complained of "level playing field" issue. For a restaurant owner,
Smoking The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports that one in five deaths in the United States is the result of tobacco use. The Surgeon General issued a statement in 1982 that is still true thirty years later: "Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality [death] in the United States" (Leo Rosen, 2011). The effects of cigarette smoking can be deadly and perhaps surprisingly, less than half the