Patient Scenario Components of the Physical Examination -- The basic components of the physical exam can be delineated into four major pars: 1) Inspection, 2) Palpation, 3) Percussion, 4) Auscultation:

Inspection -- assess breathing abnormalities, cough, patient color, stained fingers, neck, thorax; focus on abnormal reactions, color, movement, or sound.

Palpation -- indicates tender areas, observed abnormalities, respiratory expansion, vibration

Percussion -- audible sounds when chest wall is percussed; dull or flat or resonant; sound and quality

Auscultation -- lung sounds and vibrations, intensity of breath sounds, absence of fluid, presence of consolidation (Introduction to Full Medical Examinations, 2010).

Part 2 -- a. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood circulating through the vessels. It is usually measured with a sphygmomanometer which uses the height of a column of mercury to reflect the pressure. Modern devices measure output electronically or digitally. Patients are fitted with a cuff over their upper arm, air pressure is applied, and then listening with a stethoscope to the brachial artery at the elbow, the examiner releases the pressure into the cuff creating a "whooshing" or "pounding" sound. The pressure at which this first occurs is the systolic pressure; the cuff is further released...

The top measure is the systolic (maximum) and diastolic (minimum) pressure based on the speed and pumping actions of the heart.
c. Ranges of the two numbers, particularly compared over time, give a mean average of pressure. Hypo- and Hyper-tension occur based on measurements. For instance 90-110/60-79 is considered desired, depending on age and condition of patient. >180/>110 is hypertensive crisis.

d. Mr. Smith's BP is 165/100; he is 60, but likely in pain from headache and intestinal blockage. According to tables dealing with classification of BP for adults, Mr. Smith is in the initial part of Stage II hypertension, or the ranges of 160-170/100-109.

e. The higher the pressure, the more stress on the heart and higher the chance of unhealthy tissue growth in the arteries. Persistent hypertension increases the risk for stroke, heart attacks, heart and renal failure, particularly in older adults. Mr. Smith should be stabilized and continually monitored to see if his pressure decreases once the pain has abated (American Heart Association, 2012; How to measure blood presure, 2011; What is blood pressure?, 2012).

Part 3 -- Mr. Smith was given a CBC (Complete Blood Count) to measure features of red blood cells (which carry oxygen), infection fighting…