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Target Behavior and ABA
A target behavior, according to Volpe, DiPerna, Hintze and Shapiro (2005), should give an accurate description and definition of the behavior; it should also be positive and have boundaries. The target behavior identified for this study is for the autistic child to obey verbal commands. The method used to define this target and to assess treatment are several: rating scales, observation, IQ tests as well as "the social-cultural-physical environment" in which the child lives, can all be utilized (Ollendick, Cerny, 2010, p. 33).
Internal, external and social validity are ways to determine the nature of the target behavior and the experiment surrounding it. Internal validity is when a cause-and-effect relationship is determined between the independent and the dependent variables. The way an experiment is designed will help to identify if the case has internal validity, though there might also be unanticipated factors impacting the results that the researcher did not think of or identify.
External validity refers to the cause-and-effect relationship that can be made in general terms for others not specific to the individual in the study. In other words, if a study's conclusion...
For example, if it is the goal of the therapist to teach an autistic child how to count cards (ala Rainman) when the child cannot even utilize a toilet correctly, there would not be any social validity to this experiment. Social validity occurs when a goal is designed to move the individual forward in a positive manner, as is the case when one puts one foot in front of the next on his way to the next stop.
In terms of the autistic child, the study will likely have internal validity if a causal relationship is determined between two or more variables identified in the study. It will have external validity if the findings can be applied generally in the field of autism studies. And it will have social validity if it is able to help progress autistic children in their development of basic skills, like listening and obeying commands. The aim is to promote improvement in an autistic child's ability to listen, understand and obey the command from a parent or teacher, for instance, when that command is given to…
References
Mohammadzaheri, F., Koegel, L., Rezaee, M., Rafiee, S. (2014). A randomized clinical trial comparison between pivotal response treatment (PRT) and structure applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11): 2769-2777.
Ollendick, T., Cerny, J. (2010). Clinical Behavior Therapy with Children. NY: Plenum
Press.
Volpe, R., DiPerna, J., Hintze, J., Shapiro, E. (2005). Observing students in classroom
but, she learned this only functioned as a step on the way toward the wider process. Once more proactive strategies were resumed, techniques such as allowing Max to have a choice of which chores he could choose from helped, as well as did requesting him to complete chores within a couple days time, as opposed to now. From here, more predictable requests allowed Max to anticipate what would be asked
Applied Behavior Analysis and Autism Applied Behavior Analysis & Autism Reichow, B. And Wolery, M. (2008, June). Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA Young Autism Project model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 23-41. DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0596-0 The use of applied behavior analysis as a treatment intervention for young children with autism is a frequently used and applauded model. The researcher most commonly
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) & Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) The work of Cummings and Carr (2009) entitled "Evaluating Progress in Behavioral Programs for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Via Continuous and Discontinuous Measurement" reports a study that conducted an examination of the effect of two sets of data collected on skill acquisition and maintenance in behavioral treatment programs for children with autism spectrum disorders in terms of the influence of two
Applied Behavioral Analysis & Autism Applied Behavioral Analysis of Autism and Severe Intellectual Disability Home-Based Behavioral Treatment of Young Children with Autism: A Review The study conducted by Sheinkopf and Siegel exposes serious gaps in autism treatment knowledge rather than coming to specific conclusions about the effectiveness of home-based behavioral treatment (1998). The primary outcome of the study was the finding of positive therapeutic effects when treatment was implemented in the affected children's
This claim is supported by other researchers cited in the work including Albin, Lucyshyn, Horner, & Flannery (1996). The applied behavioral and positive behavior approach developed by Symon considers individual and family needs for patients with autism as part of the larger system and factors that might influence a child's behaviors, in order to develop more comprehensive support interventions. The author supports use of applied behavioral analysis procedures where parents would
Erjavec and Horne (2008) investigated the determinants of imitation in children. The general view, according to the authors, is that imitation is a function that is established early in human development and that makes possible the acquirement of important behavioral repertoires like verbal behavior that are exclusively human. There appears to be disagreement to if the propensity towards imitation in humans is innate or learned; however, the process of learning