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For example, he believes that arrogance is an individual's authority as well as status and the willingness, eagerness to enforce an individual's theory through the exertion of control on other persons as outlined by others (Curran,1998)
Criticisms
It contradicts Darwin's ideas of natural selection-Darwinsm does contradict skinner's theory of operant conditioning. This is because Darwin believed that humans are constantly in a process of improving themselves in order to gain control of themselves (self-control).However "to increase self-control means to increase liberty" or rather free-will is a concept denied by Skinner (Dahlbom, 1984, p. 486)
Constructivism as a learning theory
Constructivism's meaning changes in regards to one's perspective as well as position. In the domain of education, various philosophical interpretation of constructivism exists. There is the personal constructivism as pointed out by Piaget (1967).There also exists educational constructivism as described by Matthews (1998).
Skinner's belief of constructivism
He believed that the beginning of human behavior can be contributed to constructivism.later on the behaviorism aspects starts to take over. This is evident when he said that "the variables of which human behavior is a function lie in the environment " (Skinner,1977,p.1)
Kohn's belief of constructivism
Core favors constructivism. His opinion can be summarized as
"… the process of learning does indeed require that meaning, ethical or otherwise, be actively invented and reinvented, from the inside out. It requires that children be given the opportunity to make sense of such concepts as fairness or courage, regardless of how long the concepts themselves have been around. (p. 435, 1997)
My opinion
My opinion on constructivism is that it does not act alone in the learning process. Other elements such as the environment and genetics also play a big role in the process. Therefore for a constructivist classroom, the creative process should be made part and parcel of the learning process.
Criticism
The main criticism is that it contradicts other findings (Matthews, 2000)
It is elitist. Various Critics do say that constructivism and as well as other "progressive" theories of education...
The teaching as well as the learning process depends heavily in constructivist-based methods of instruction which has been noted to put priority to the classroom learning process. Behaviorist theory was previously in use but was dropped as a result of frustrations it casused.Currently it has been replaced with the constructionist approach due to its success.
References
Beecroft, R.S. (1966). Method in classical conditioning. In R.S. Beecroft, Classical
conditioning (pp. 8-26). Goleta, CA: Psychonomic Press.
Curran, J (1998). Motivating Students without Grades
http://www.csudh.edu/dearhabermas/alfiek.htm
The whole language method of teaching reading, versus phonics instruction, is a common use of constructivist theory (Chen, 2010, Social constructivist). Cognitive theories As the structures of the human mind began to become better understood in the 20th century, cognitivism became a popular learning theory. It suggests that by understanding how the mind works, teachers are better able to enable students to learn. Assumptions of this approach include the idea that
(Brier, 1992) Constructivism in all forms faces many obstacles and hurdles in getting fair application in the classroom of schools today for many reasons. One reason is that when constructivism is applied properly and fully to a classroom environment, the teacher may find him or herself in the "backseat" while the students steer the direction of the learning process. It removes much of the inherent hierarchal power of the teacher
This presents a challenge to educators who may have a classroom full of students who are cognitively at different levels. Educational programs that allow students to advance at their own pace, such as accelerated reader, or explore knowledge independently might be ways to encourage cognitive development in students. Constructivism is closely tied to the cognitive approach in that constructive learning requires that the students are the primary agents in their
Theory of the self-monitored students and CSCL Another popular theory associated with the concept of CSCL is the self-monitored student s (Benbunan-Fich, 2002 ). Benbunan-Fich (2002 ) in their study give students the chance to explore and discover their abilities and then guide through ways that they can polish them. In the case of CSCL, the students realize that they will need guidelines and principles in order to attain a set objective and
The Applicability of Learning Theory Learning is a complex process by which an individual acquires and modifies their knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and skills through study, instruction or experience. Theories provide a framework for understanding how learning occurs and the factors that influence its effectiveness. Learning theories are complex and comprehensive principles that explain how individual learn, develop, and progress (Rosser-Majors, 2017). They acknowledge that human beings learn differently and attempt to
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