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Native Americans in the 18th century contracted smallpox thanks to the U.S. soldiers in Fort Pitt giving them "some blankets and handkerchiefs" that were taken from patents in the infirmary with smallpox (Wheelis). It was a deliberate "attack" and wiped out many Indians. Also, during the American Revolutionary War, England were known to have inoculated smallpox on civilians with the intention of spreading it to the Continental Army. In World War I (1915 through 1918) the Germans waged "an ambitious campaign of covert biological attack" by injecting horses and mules being sent to the Allies with glanders and anthrax (Wheelis).
The Japanese used BW (8, 9, 10) in China during WWII; Wheelis writes that the Japanese "poisoned wells with microbial cultures, sprayed the ground with cultures" and left contaminated food for the Chinese army to eat and become ill. The Soviets are accused of having used biological weapons (tularemia) against Germany in 1942, and the Americans are accused (Wheelis) of dropping insects and fomites on North Korean villages from airplanes that were contaminated with biological agents. The U.S....
is also accused of using biological agents against Cuba in the 1960s and 1970s (Wheelis). There are also reports that the Soviets used mycotoxins and glanders in Afghanistan after invading the country in 1979, Wheelis writes. There are more instances of the use of biological weapons, including the use of Salmonella by the Rajneesh Sect in Oregon in 1984, in a demented attempt to keep voters from going to the polls; more than 750 cases of salmonellois were reported, "45 of which required hospitalization" (Wheelis).
Works Cited
Center for Biosecurity. (2008). BioAgents and Epidemic Diseases Background
Information. Categorization and Ongoing Assessment of Biological Agents.
Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org.
Ready America. (2009). Biological Threat. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.ready.gov/america/beinformed/biological.html.
Wheelis, Mark. (2000). A Short History of Biological Warfare and Weapons. Journal Of American History. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.microbiology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/mwheelis/bw_history.pdf.
Works Cited
Center for Biosecurity. (2008). BioAgents and Epidemic Diseases Background
Information. Categorization and Ongoing Assessment of Biological Agents.
Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org.
Ready America. (2009). Biological Threat. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.ready.gov/america/beinformed/biological.html.
Wheelis, Mark. (2000). A Short History of Biological Warfare and Weapons. Journal Of American History. Retrieved June 23, 2009, from http://www.microbiology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/mwheelis/bw_history.pdf.
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