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¶ … brain plays a vital role in the area of cognitive functions. Different sections of the brain are responsible for a number of different cognitive capabilities including memory, prediction, emotional response, sensory perception, and numerous others. Despite the partitioning of the brain and its means of providing cognitive capabilities, the different areas of this organ work in concert to produce some pivotal cognitive processes including decision-making and deriving action (output) based on sensory information (which is akin to input).
Many of these vital processes for cognitive functions occur in the part of the brain refereed to as the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex has several different components each of which largely contributes to the way in which humans make decisions. Additionally, parts of the cerebral cortex are also responsible for facets of one's personality and how one manifests the emotion one feels. The basic paradigm that accounts for the way that people develop decision-making is that they perceive emotions from a variety of sensory perceptions. These perceptions are utilized by a part of the cerebral cortex to make predictions in response to emotions to dictate the outcome of possible actions (Wager and Thagard, 2004). There is a direct correlation between these predictions and memory,...
Other lobes include the parietal lobe (which accounts for augmenting sensory input with visual processes), the occipital lobe (which greatly pertains to visual perception), and the temporal lobe, which has a left and a right side responsible for syntax and word selection and speech, respectively. The parts of the frontal lobe that interact with one another to influence cognition include the amygdale and the hippocampus, which are associated with parsing through emotional information and memory storage and retrieval, respectively. As previously mentioned however, these regions are not mutually exclusive with the functions that they perform (MacMillan, 1999) as the hippocampus and the rhinal cortex are also associated with memory.
The case study of Phineas Gage indicates how vital the interaction between emotions, memories, and decision-making can be. Gage was a railroad worker who suffered a devastating accident when he was impaled through his cheek and the prefrontal cortex of his brain. Doing so caused a dysfunction of his cortex in the sort of way that was not…
References
Kean, S. (2014). Phineas Gage, neuroscience's most famous patient. www.slate.com. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2014/05/phineas_gage_neuroscience_case_true_story_of_famous_frontal_lobe_patient.html
Kihlstrom, J.F. (2010). Social neuroscience: The footprints of Phineas Gage. Social Cognition, 28, 757-782.
MacMillan, M. (1999). The Phineas Gage information page. www.uakron.edu. Retrieved from http://www.uakron.edu/gage/
Wagar, B.M., & Thagard, P. (2004). Spiking phineas gage: A neurocomputational theory of Cognitive-affective integration in decision making. Psychological Review, 111(1). Retrieved from http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/spiking.pdf
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