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255). Vision can translate into principles being integrated into the very fabric of the organization. Vision can foster the development of an organization's culture that predicates itself on hard work and determination; determination to attain specific benchmarks, this determination can quickly metastasize through the entire organization (Bolman, 2008, p. 256).
The question then becomes what administrative structure is more adept at handling such conditions. Is a more centralized "top-down" approach similar to the management styles of former Home Depot CEO Robert Nardelli and President Jimmy Carter the most beneficial? These management styles have often been lauded for their micromanagement and intense hands on approach defined by their incessant need to be involved in the every decision making process. Ultimately, this hands-on, top-down view leads to the very real possibility of missing the general for the sake of the specific. Or is a more "sideways" approach similar to former President Ronald Reagan when divisions of labor and decentralization of authority and responsibility united everyone around a common goal more beneficial?
The answer ultimately revolves around the integration of human nature with the Symbolic Framework just as the last precept of the Symbolic frame refers to culture binding an organization. The ability of an organization's culture to be...
power consolidation will ultimately not only define the organization or administrative culture but also the administration's ability to effectively manage goals and expectations and implementation of plans to reach those goals.
Conclusion
The tension between Centralization and Decentralization within Public Administration can take some insights from the private sector examples espoused within this analysis. Those who purport to express the need for Centralization will harken back to the words of James Madison in Federalist Number 10 "If all men were angles government would not be necessary, however all men are not angles and absolute power corrupts absolutely." It is the fear of delegated power being used for personal gain that is one of the main factors driving the Centralization argument. However, does this attitude assume the worst in people? Is it Hobesian? Certainly those who administrators seeking continued Centralization do so out of the common belief it is for the greater good.
Although it can be asserted that Decentralization focus on the greater good but focuses on motivation, cohesion and striving for the common good through the entrustment of greater amounts of responsibility and division of labor. Each of these models predicate themselves on the idea of the greater good, however their…
Works Cited
Bolman, Lee G., and Terrence E. Deal. Reframing organizations: artistry, choice, and leadership. 4. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2008. Print.
The trial lasted seven months and Justice Leland Degrasse rendered his decision, 719 N.Y.S.2d 475 on January 10, 2001, in favor of plaintiffs and ordered the state to ensure that all public schools provide the opportunity for a sound basic education to their students." (Hunter, 2004) Entered, as part of this decision was a "costing-out study as the threshold task in developing a new school funding system." (Hunter, 2004)
For example, the black worker just following the civil war was believed to be of low intelligence thereby rendering it very unlikely that he would receive pay equal to other men. The same is true for female workers during the mid to latter part of the 1900s as it was highly unlikely that anyone would offer to a woman the same amount that was offered to men to secure
Consolidation of Public Schools The American public school system was revolutionized sometime in the middle of the 20th century in a rather conspicuous way. The school system in many parts of the US were small entities run by communities as recently as the 1930s. Most of these institutions only acquired the services of a single teacher. In the subsequent four decades, the number of schools in the US reduced by over
Fiscal FederalismINTRODUCTIONFiscal federalism is the relationship between different levels of government in a federation with respect to their spending and revenue-raising powers. The three key dimensions of fiscal federalism are vertical fiscal imbalances, horizontal fiscal equalization, and spending assignment.The first use of the term �fiscal federalism� was by German-born�American economist Richard Musgrave in 1959 (Kapucu, 2022). It was used to describe the relationship between the central government and the states.
Public Administration Mind Map PA concepts decision-making, communication, public relations, supervision, coordination, unity of command, authority, leadership, Theoretical Perspectives: modern theories: behavioral approach of individual and organizational goals; social-psychological theory X and Y of McGregor; comparative PA by Riggs; developmental administration by Weidner; new PA by Minnowbrook. Historical context PA as a discipline began at the end of the th century, with basis from different administrative perspectives from philosophy, economic, behavioral, political, and social of the
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