¶ … cigarette smoking leads to increased incidences of lung cancer. The reason(s) behind the study are twofold; one, to see if there is a decided difference in the number of people who smoke and do not smoke, and two, whether that noted difference in smoking vs. non-smoking leads to a higher or lower number of cancer incidences among the study participants. The study will be large-scale and will include a wide diversity of individuals in order to provide a relatively accurate picture of the overall, and categorized, number of individuals developing cancer when compared to whether they are smokers or not. Since this will be a cross-sectional study it will completed with little expense to the researcher and may provide data that can be useful in determining future processes. The funding for this study is rather limited, and because of that (along with other reasons), the cross-sectional study is the most beneficial design method to use. Another reason for using the cross-sectional approach is that the population is large and will be bulky to handle using any other method. The population...

The participants are projected to number approximately 1000 former and current patients of the center. It is not a stratified survey. The number of participants chosen for the study is based solely on how many cancer patients were seen at the center during the five-year time frame.
A non-random survey will be used since all the former and current cancer patients at the center can choose to participate. A random survey would not be as efficient in this particular study because the population would likely be skewed more towards one direction or another. A non-random survey in this study will provide much more accurate and comprehensive data.

The researcher will develop a data-gathering instrument for this study. The instrument will be designed to efficiently gather data that provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the number of patients who have smoked (or have not) and who have then developed cancer (or have not developed cancer).

The content area to be ascertained includes who has…