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¶ … civilizations have often resulted in dramatic changes to both sides. Peaceful encounters bring transfers to new goods, new technologies and new ideas, while encounters built on conflict can change outlooks, governments and ways of life. A violent culture clash occurred with the Crusades, while a more peaceful meeting of the cultures occurred with traders from Europe (especially Venetians) heading eastward to Asia. These two encounters between civilizations would lead to much of what we see in the geopolitical world today. We have conflict in the Middle East between the Arab world and the Western world. We also see global trade as a major driving force in the world. This trade also would eventually lead to the age of exploration and mass colonization.
The rise of Islam and the response of Christian Europe during the Crusades not only characterized its era, being one of the most important events of the time, but it has characterized relations between these two parts of the world to this day. When Islam rose on the Arabian Peninsula, few in Europe at the time would have given it any notice. Both cultures were relatively backward compared with the sophisticated Roman culture of a few centuries before. As Islam grew, it spread into what is now Israel and Palestine, the Seljuk Turks taking the area over from...
Christians in Europe rose up against this new religion taking their holiest sites.
There were two ways in which the Crusades shaped cultural exchange and conflict. The Crusaders traveled from northern and western Europe to the Middle East. They were able in doing so to facilitate the transfer of goods and ideas throughout medieval Europe in the course of their movements. This was a key form of exchange at a time when most Europeans did not engage in long-distance travel. More important was the Crusades themselves. When the Turks cut off Christian access to Jerusalem and the holy sites like Bethlehem, this was a provocation to the Catholic Church. That provocation escalated into full-blown conflict with the Crusades.
Those conflicts essentially raised barriers between Christian Europeans and Muslims that still exist today. In world affairs, it is not uncommon to see these two cultural groups disagree with each other. The region today, be it Israel or Palestinian territory, remains the site of conflict between Christians and Muslims, with the west, Arabs and Iranians engaged in a proxy conflict. There have been few moments of true peace in the region, and the Crusades were the first major meeting of the two civilizations to define that conflict.
Other meetings between…
, lands useful to man, but according to technical and conspicuous for purposes that each civilization. When business needs and adds prestige to urban heritage, religions, however, that mark their territories of pagodas, churches, monasteries, mosques and other places of worship, this singularity is affirmed more, while the forms of urban and rural habitat are specified, they are luxuries or miserable. And civilization, always customary in everyday life acquires additional visibility
Architecture through the Ages Mesopotamia Construction in ancient times is second only to agriculture-it reaches back as far as the Stone Age and possibly further (Jackson 4). Before the existence of master builders in design and construction the Code of Hammurabi (1795-1750 B.C.) referred to design and construction as a simple process (Beard, Loulakis and Wundrum (13). Hammurabi was the ruler of Babylon, the world's first metropolis and he codified his
What we learn from this is that no mistake can be erased from history just as no reparations can completely repair damage done. Germany's inability to carry her own weight during this time of trouble only prolonged the world economy, which was badly bruised and desperately needing to be healed. 2. Democracy became the word that was whispered across the globe during the twenties and thirties. The promise of democracy
World Civilization to 1500: Comparing Ancient Athens and Ancient SpartaIntroductionAncient Athens and Ancient Sparta were both Greek city states�but they were two very different civilizations in spite of the fact that they existed in some proximity to one another. Athens was known as the seat of culture and learning in the ancient world, and Spartan culture was often ridiculed by Athenians because it was much more focused on sports, physicality
Western Civilization The world has always progressed through those adventurous in spirit that were not afraid to brake barriers, to confront established rules and to keep seeking new territories, be it in the fields of science, religion, law, or the physical world. The period of Renaissance that started and flourished in Italy and then spread throughout the rest of the continent changed world views and challenged the traditional at every level.
Geomorphologic evidence of glacier fluctuations in Iceland during the Late Holocene is abundant. Furthermore, Iceland has a unique documentary record of ice-front positions between the times of settlement, around AD 870, to the early 20th century. Many of Iceland's larger outlet glaciers have been systematically monitored since 1930. Consequently, a general description of glacier conditions exists for the past/1000 years, in addition to a detailed knowledge of ice-front fluctuations