Climate change

Climate change and its impact
Introduction
Climate is a part of our everyday lives. The change in temperature, swift winds blowing by and rainfall are all because of climate. The United Nation Framework Convention on climate defines climate change as an alteration of the atmosphere because of direct or indirect human activity that jeopardizes the natural climate viability observed over a period. Climate change is tracked using various instruments measuring every aspect of the climate from temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed. The climate changes, this is a fact, but there are measure to be put to prevent adverse changes that affect human life in earth.
The issue of climate change tends to divulge difference in opinion with there being two groups; climate skeptics and climate believers. Climate skeptics speak about climate as well as scientist would but believers speak about climate as scientists do since they always base their arguments on facts and evidence but not logic.
Literature review paragraph
The negative effects of climate change around the world have resulted in multiple theories from the scientific community. A research indicated that climatic factors influence the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases, in addition to multiple human, biological, and ecological determinants (Patz 1996). Another research shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop (Solomon 2009). A different investigation shows that sea levels across the world are rising faster than ever, the United Nations has warned, meaning we urgently need to increase action on climate change (Vaughan 2019). Carbon dioxide emission are high in the atmosphere today due to human activity. According to Solomon et.al (2009). The human induced climate change is already happening with rising sea levels, depletion of the ozone layer and mass toxic waste in the air and sea disruption the normal functionalities of nature.
The cause and effects of climate change
According to Oreskes (2004), there is massive doubt about climate science. Many people claim lack of enough facts and valid data to point out specifics in climate change claims. Companies that control their carbon emission are affected due to sanctions and fines, claiming the science is unfair to their profit margins. This spews doubt on the science and economic sector, but not withstanding the fact that most infectious diseases occur because of climate change. A change of environment for any person can result in body changes. Someone living in the tropics travelling to Europe can be affected by adverse cold winters. This is an instance of change of environment affecting non-natives. The rising levels of sea has caused a major concern in many nations across the world. In a recent report, the United Nations said through Science Weekly, the level of seawater as at 2018 was 3.7 millimeters, which is beyond the expected sea levels. Countries have been urged to put stringent laws on Carbon dioxide cuts since it is said to contribute highly to climate change. Global warming causes the seal levels to rise, the longer the summer time the more dangerous it gets and this brings the world governments together to address the problem of climate change.
Moreover, Winton (2009) in his article proposes the standard energy-balance feedback model to account for changes in equilibrium and variations of heat changes in the atmosphere during climate experiments. Slight changes in heat signatures can help scientist determine the level of toxicity in the atmosphere. Ocean dynamics of waves and tides make it a complicated debate since there emerges political issues of water bodies, borders and military operations.
The greenhouse effect is another major concern in climate change debate. Every household, company and farm emits greenhouse gases. There are big manufacturing companies that measure how much they emit while the others do not. The law regulates on these companies in the assumption that they emit more gases that they should, to the atmosphere. This is dangerous climate change according to Lorenzoni (2005). The process of developing a long-term policy to combat climate change needs actionable plans for the future. The decisions need to be more deliberated, public participation on how they perceive the phenomenon and a little consideration on the manufacturing titans, and helping them out in disposing off toxic wastes through recycling. Public opinion matters when it comes to climate since it is important for the policy-making bodies to address the issues at hand that will affect the public when the laws are implemented.
In addition, carbon dioxide emission are highly toxic in nature and a rise in the emission affect the strength of the ozone layer. Susan et.al (2009) describes the human induced climate change as a disaster waiting to happen. Most of the emission are from companies, organic waste and human beings themselves. The amount of carbon dioxide released by humans cannot be definitely measured, but approximated to be a lot. United Nations Framework on Conventional Climate change projects the irreversible damage int eh long run caused by high volumes of carbon dioxide in the air. Solution to this problem include using trees as a means to suck in carbon dioxide from the air but this is insignificant. The use of the ocean with high acidity and able to absorb the excess carbon dioxide and convert it into oxygen. This is a slow process and can be induced to enable relief on the carbon dioxide levels, which are reaching toxic levels and affecting human being and animals.
In summary, climate change is a real phenomenon. Two groups are always at loggerheads but come to agreement when an atrocity happens. Hurricanes in the US, Canada and Asia are some of the phenomenon signifying climate change and ought to be addressed fully to gauge what kind of phenomenon we are dealing with. Several bodies concerned with meteorology have been formed to combat this phenomenon but more effort is needed from the public, government and institutions of power to ensure that all the chips are falling into place. The government to pass reliable and long-term policies. The public to participate in moving the agenda forward and the institutions mandated with protecting the planet do so with the technology and research they have. Climate change is real and climate changes every day. Adverse effects are felt due to global warming and climate change. Agricultural process is reduced, adverse weather affects animals’ health and human lives as well. The acceleration of climate change is said to have adverse effects on social, economic and ecological set up of the earth. The media has been of help to convey the message and inform people of the climate change issue. The initiative taken by each participant is important to enable the agenda to be pushed. It is equally important to acknowledge that technological change will come with effects both positive, negative the nature, and must be addressed accordingly.


References:
1- https://science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5702/1686
The scientific consensus on Climate Change

2- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/394508
Climatic factors influence the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases, in addition to multiple human, biological, and ecological determinants.

3- https://www.newscientist.com/article/2198091-climate-change-is-making-the-seas-rise-faster-than-ever-un-warns/
Sea levels across the world are rising faster than ever, the United Nations has warned, meaning we urgently need to increase action on climate change.

4- https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/2009JCLI3139.1
proposes a modification to the standard forcing–feedback diagnostic energy balance model to account for 1) differences between effective and equilibrium climate sensitivities and 2) the variation of effective sensitivity over time in climate change experiments with coupled atmosphere–ocean climate models.

5- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00686.x
Implicitly contains the question of how to respond to the complex and multi?disciplinary risk issues that climate change poses. 


6- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:CLIM.0000004559.08755.88
Climate change-induced sea-level rise, sea-surface warming, and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events puts the long-term ability of humans to inhabit atolls at risk. 

7- https://www.pnas.org/content/106/6/1704?sid4fdad7e-23ad-4d54-a3c6-75041ad31328=
 This paper shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop.


8- https://www.pnas.org/content/106/37/15594.short
This paper briefly outlines the basics science of climate change as well as he assessment on emissions scenarios and climate change.