Computer Terrorism According to Weimann,

Computer Terrorism

According to Weimann, "no single instance of real cyberterrorism has been recorded" and the threat is real but probably exaggerated. Cyberterrorism includes instances of hacking into closed systems including the computerized systems that help operate public works operations like hydroelectric dams or nuclear power facilities. Similarly, breaking into the FBI or other governmental organization's systems is classified as cyberterrorism. Cyberterrorism can also target private enterprise and may be politically, ideologically, or financially motivated.

Computer viruses also constitute acts of cyberterror because a virus can disable a critical system. Most small and large-scale infrastructure in the Western world depends on information technology and therefore cyberterror is a genuine and potentially grave concern. Weimann notes that cyberterrorism has the potential to become a valuable tool for international terrorist groups like Al Qaeda.

Angst over the threat of cyberterrorism grew during the 1990s when Internet use soared. Weimann claims that the term cyberterrorism is value-laden, evoking fears of both unfamiliar technology and of terrorist attacks. Especially since September 11, cyberterrorist has become a buzzword in the media. Counterterrorism units have focused on computer terrorism and funneled funds into fighting cyberterrorism. Weimann implies that media exaggerations of cyberterrorism may themselves be financially motivated and in fact states that combatting cyberterrorism is an "economically rewarding" industry. Weimann remains especially concerned about the consequences of media mismanagement of the counterterrorism threat.

One of the strengths of Weimann's analysis is the author's definition of terms and clarification of different types of cyberterrorism. For example, Weimann describes "hacktivism" as a politically-motivated project that can include "virtual blockades; e-mail attacks; hacking and computer break-ins; and computer viruses and worms." The "I LOVE YOU" virus that spread in 2000 is a high-profile example of hacktivism, which according to Weimann is not cyberterrorism. Hacking, the apolitical counterpart of hacktivism, is also not necessarily a form of terrorism. However, cyberterrorists often use hacking as a tool of terrorism.

Terrorists may be tempted to use computer attacks for several reasons including the following. First, cyberterrorism can be relatively inexpensive. Second, terrorists can easily remain anonymous when they use computer terrorism. Third, the scope of the attack can potentially be larger than physically combative ones. Fourth, cyberterror can be launched and managed remotely and fifth, computer terrorism can garner instant and widespread media attention. Cyberterrorism is not only in the province of international terrorist organizations but may also be used by fanatical religious groups or even by disgruntled employess. Using computer terrorism can also become an adjunct to traditional forms of terror like bombs.