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Science Communication
Concepts of Science Communication
Norms
Communalism
Communalism deals with the notion that intellectual or scientific discoveries belong to the entire human race as should be shared with everyone in the community. This does not imply that there is no competition rather the competition is often quiet fierce. However, ideas must be subject to criticism to be tested and compared and thus information must be shared. Russel Wallace created the hypothesis that there were patterns of distribution inherent in the course of evolution and this theory has been tested and furthered by many subsequent studies because Wallace shared his theories with the community (Knapp).
Universalism
This norm deals with the fact that it is the claim that is important as opposed to the individuals making the claim. The significant factor is the information being shared and one person's opinion should not be valued over another's because of their background or reputation. For example, Wallace's ideas were...
Rather, they were furthered because their own merit.
Disinterestedness
This concept deals with the fact that scientific claims aren't being used to further someone's own personal position. That scientist should have roughly the same background information and are able to test the claims of another whereas the public might not understand the situation and believe something based on a scientists reputation rather than the merit of their contribution.
Organized Skeptkism
This is the norm that helps to balance universalism. Once a theory is presented to the community, then it is expected to be heavily scrutinized by peers. The theories that are able to stand up to skeptism are the ones that can eventually be included in the body of scientific knowledge.
2. Function of peer review
There are many functions to the peer review process. One of the main functions is that it acts as something of a quality control process. Before something is published, it…
Works Cited
Knapp, S. (n.d.). What, Where, and When? Retrieved from Evolution.
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