Such an approach allows determinations of fewer prejudgments, and is less disturbing to respondents than experiments. However, the disadvantages arise in the probability and possibility of corrupted subject, which essentially deprives the outcome in its entire accuracy.

Complete participation observation is very time-consuming. It requires commitments that measure months or even years. In all consideration, as many aspects of this type of study require disguise and complete life-modification, it is assumed to be the most rigorous and cumbersome method of study for the observer and study partakers.

3. Explain the following statement:

Lamda, the correlation coefficient used for nominal variables provides only the strength of the relationship between two variables unlike gamma, spearman's rho, and Pearson's correlation coefficients."

Nominal level variables are representations of the simplest level of measurement. Demographic variables such as sex, race, religion, and city are examples of nominal variables. Values can be distinguishingly assigned to nominal variables. Considering religion, the values can be numbered according to each sect; number of Christian, number of Buddhist, etc. These numbers merely assist in categorizing qualitative distinctions.

Many variables are necessary to be associated and categorized according to the higher scale value that they hold. Understanding this level of measure and categorization is essential in the comprehensive understanding...

Given the variables connection - regardless of what it may be - this statement proclaims the value as either a detrimental or imperative factor that determines the overall strength in that connection. This is opposed to a latter reference to that value preordination, gamma. In English, this statement is saying that the value of variables is necessary for determining the relation between the comparing variables.
4. Index for the concept of Conservatism as it relates to criminal justice:

The phenomenon of jury toughness is seen to be the result of changes in the dominant political ideology, as trend data on federal court verdicts show an increasing rate of jury convictions since the 1950s as a response to the growth of popular conservatism on criminal justice issues." (Lavine, 1983)

Conservative convictions by juries increasing as compared to convictions by a judge:

(Information referenced from: Crime & Delinquency, Vol. 29, No. 1, 71-87 (1993) Sage Publications)

Bibliography

Lavine, James P. (1983) Jury Toughness: The Impact of Conservatism on Criminal Court Verticts. Retrieved May 3rd, 2007, from the World Wide Web: http://cad.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/29/1/71