Modernization Theory Support managers, involve stakeholders, address resistance, celebrate victories and define the objective

Give focus and support to individuals involved in the change

Know the needs of all stakeholders

Start at the top

Change has to be implemented correctly and follow a process so as not to stall or be met with resistance (Schantz, 2018)

Change is required

Organizational Change

IT workers have to be more involved in making computers and networks safer for users

Anyone who uses the Internet is at risk of being hacked

Health care providers, IT workers, administrators, patients and all stakeholders have to be more aware of the cybersecurity risks attendant the use of multiple

medical devices (Shindell, 2018)

Medical devices can be hacked

(Anderson & Williams, 2018)Part I: Concept Map

Cybersecurity

Part II: Explaining the Concept Map

The Relationship of Parts

Cybersecurity, Organizational Change and Modernization Theory

As the concept map shows, cybersecurity, organizational change and Rostow’s modernization theory are all interrelated and flow into and out of one another. In fact, each depends on the other to make sense. Cybersecurity explains the goal of organizational change and yet without the concept of cybersecurity there would be no reason for organizational change: the relationship between the two is thus symbiotic. Modernization theory likewise informs both because it supplies the rationale for both cybersecurity and organizational change, while both simultaneously inform modernization theory as they are what make it possible for the strategies to be discovered to make modernization possible in the first place.

Cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is further developed into parts based on what computers can do and why cybersecurity is needed. The concept map defines these parts as four:

1) people use the Internet with the aid of computers,

2) medical personnel use devices that communicate with one another (Anderson and Williams, 2018),

3) medical personnel and computer users (including IT workers) have to be aware of the threats to cybersecurity and be informed on ways to make users safer (Shindell, 2018), and

The concept of organizational change is explained in the concept map as indicating that (a) change is required in organizations for a reason, and (b) that change has to implemented in certain manner so that it can be effectively conducted (Schantz, 2018).
Following from these points are the steps that are to be adhered to when conducting organizational change:

1) Change has to start at the top—i.e., with the executives running the organization so that they are aware of what’s needed, why and how to support the change process

2) Change cannot take place without first knowing the needs and viewpoints of all stakeholders—otherwise they might throw up an obstacle to change in the form of resistance that change managers did foresee

3) Individuals within the change process have to be the focus, as they are the ones who will be implementing the change—therefore, it is critical that they receive the necessary support from those above them

4) Managers have to be supported from above as well—i.e., the executives at the top—so that they can lead effectively

5) The change management plan should have procedures in place for dealing with the potential of resistance

6) Victories should be celebrated, no matter how small, so as to ensure that morale is boosted along the way

7) Stakeholders have to be involved in on-going discussions and dialogues so that that process is not hindered by surprise objections from stakeholders who do not like what is going on

8) The ultimate objective has to be defined for all so that everyone knows what the point and purpose of the change is

This last point in the process is crucial and helps to explain why education is so critical in any change management process. The understanding that is obtained in the cybersecurity section of the concept map has to translate into understanding…