Despite these compelling findings, many youth are not routinely assessed for such violence exposure and its ramifications by the educational, child welfare, social service, and juvenile justice systems with which they frequently interact." (2007) This exposure is not only related to outcomes of a negative nature as well as heightened drug use and greater HIV related risk behaviors." (Vioson, 2007) the work of McDowell (2006) entitled: "Caring for Child Victims: Countering the Effects of Domestic Violence" published in the Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing states that children are affected by family violence and that holistic assessment by the nurse is "essential to understanding the stressor of domestic violence." (McDowell, 2006) it is important to understand that less than one-third of domestic violence cases are reported. This author specifically charges the pediatric nurse in having the knowledge and skills necessary to identify childhood trauma from having witnessed family abuse. Summary and Conclusion

It has been clearly shown in a substantial number of previous research and case studies that trauma experienced by children who witness family abuse negatively impact the child in many areas of both cognition and emotional regulation and that these children generally are depressed and joyless. Furthermore, this study has demonstrated that an overwhelming number of African-American children witness family and community violence and that more than two-thirds of African-American children are not assessed for family violence trauma and go untreated. It...

(2006) Breaking Free, Starting Over: Parenting in the Aftermath of Family Violence. Family Therapy Journal Vol. 33 Issue 1 San Diego 2006.
Henry, M.; Szajnberg, N. (2006) My Life is a Longing: Child Abuse and its Adult Sequelae: Results of Brody Longitudinal Study from Birth to age 30" International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Vol. 87, Issue 2.

Hurley (2006) Internalized Other Interviewing of Children Exposed to Violence. Journal of Systematic Therapies. Summer 2006. Vol. 25. Guilford Publications, Inc.

Kaplow, J.B.; Saxe, G.N.; Putman, F.W.; Pynoos, R.S.; and Lieberman, a.F. (2006) the Long-Term Consequences of Early Childhood Trauma. A Case Study and Discussion. Psychiatry. New York Winter 2006. Vol. 69. Issue 4.

McDowell, B.M. (2006) Caring for Child Victims: Countering the Effects of Domestic Violence. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 2006. Vol. 11, Issue 2.

Merrill, L.L.; Thomsen, C.J.; Crouch, J.L.; May, P. (2005) Predicting Adult Risk of Child Physical Abuse From Childhood Exposure to Violence: Can Interpersonal Schemata Explain the Association" Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology Nov 2005, Vol. 24, Issue 7.

Viosin, D.R. (2007) the Effects…