Designing effective research for the purpose of studying administrative or policy issues can be a difficult task. An effective research design elicits the information and data necessary for the researcher to conclude certain results and findings that are both valid and reliable. Theoretically a research design will provide the researcher with efficient tools and a methodology that will be efficient and effective. However, theories are not always practical when it comes to administrative, policy or social concerns. One expert recently wrote "it is important to know that one model may not meet the needs of every locality" (Cimino, 2008, p. 19) and this is true regarding whether to use qualitative, quantitative or mixed research as well. The vast majority of time administrative problems arise because people view events with such diversity. Research that attempts to quantify qualitative findings is oftentimes much more difficult than theory would imagine.

There are some advantages to using quantitative research including the fact that quantitative figures don't often lie, they are real. When assessing qualitative feelings regarding policies or social problems a quantitative response allows the respondent to express those feelings in a numeric manner. Quantitative aspects of a research study will often include the fact that the study will have...

One of the problems with this type of approach is the fact that a researcher will have no clue as to who he is getting to participate in the research. He could be drawing from a large community of citizens who all feel that the current policy being researched is a bunch of bunk.
At the same time, a different group of citizens could have the exact opposite perception. Using quantitative figures in a qualitative atmosphere such as what can often be found in studies focusing on administrative, social or policy issues at least allows the researcher to quantify the participant's responses. This type of research is called mixed research and means that the study is "both qualitative and quantitative" (Zha, Kelly, Park, Fitzgerald, 2006, ab). This type of approach employs aspects of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.

There is also the question of reliability in certain research methodologies and the validity of the numbers. Determining how reliable the responses are in any particular study can be very fractious in the overall results. A quantitative study will often test the same individual with a pre-test and a post-test. Reliability usually refers to that person scoring approximately the same on each test again…