Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
¶ … Pathophysiology
A 60-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis according to a recent bone density examination. A patient can be diagnoses with osteoporosis condition after bone density measurements, which usually differ based on the size, machine, and placement of region of interest. These measurements also involve studying overlying material where it is measured and the lack of normal structures such as laminectomy. Given that this condition affects a huge number of people in the United States and results in more than 1.5 million fractures annually, it is important for patients to measure bone mineral density. The diagnosis of the condition should be made before the initial fracture takes place, since once a fracture occurs in osteoporosis the risk of another fracture is relatively high (Richmond, 2003, p.353). This diagnosis is important in order for the patient to undertake necessary lifestyle changes and treatment procedures that help in preventing fractures.
Similar to other patients diagnosed with the condition, the 60-year-old...
The T score is basically the number of typical deviations below or above the mean value for young adult reference data, which is represents peak bone mass. The results of the bone density examination are usually expressed in the form of either a T score or a Z score. While the T scores reflect numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average young individual with healthy bones, the Z scores are numbers that compare the condition of a patient's bones with those of an average individual his/her age (Kleerekoper, Rosen, Mulder & Villalba, 2013). Since T score is always the more important of the two scores, it is usually presented in the negative or minus range. For the patient, the lower the bone density T scores, the greater the likelihood of bone fractures.
The normal bone density is usually reflected with a T-score between +1 and -1 as individuals with a score within this range do not usually need…
References:
Richmond, B. (2003, April). DXA Scanning to Diagnose Osteoporosis: Do You Know What the Results Mean? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 70(4), 353-360. Retrieved from http://www.ccjm.org/content/70/4/353.full.pdf
Kleerekoper, M., Rosen, C.J., Mudler, J.E. & Villalba, C. (2013, June 28). Patient Information:
Bone Density Testing (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved August 31, 2014, from http://www.uptodate.com/contents/bone-density-testing-beyond-the-basics
Osteoporosis In a healthy adult the skeleton is maintained through a process of complementary bone resorption and deposition (Das & Crockett, 2013). The two cell types responsible for this process are the multinucleated osteoclasts derived from the blood and resident osteoblasts. In the course of normal living the skeleton will develop localized, stress-induced microfractures, which trigger resident osteocytes to signal for help from the osteoclasts. The osteoclasts arrive and begin to
Osteoporosis Pathophysiology: Osteoporosis Presentation of the disease Osteoporosis is a disease in which the body fails to regenerate enough bone to replace the bone mass that is lost when the body reabsorbs the tissue as part of the natural cycle of bone regeneration. "Bone is living tissue, which is constantly being absorbed and replaced" (Osteoporosis, 2011, Mayo Clinic: Definition). "When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old
They are most effective in the spine, which is the most common site of osteoporotic fracture. The role of adequate calcium intake has always been mentioned as most essential in the growth and development of all normal tissues, including bone. A low-calcium diet restricts the intake of dairy products, has low amounts of fruits and vegetables, and includes a high intake of low-calcium beverages. Other dietary factors can also
Treatment of osteoporosis revolves around specific calcium and vitamin D medication programs but first and foremost in importance is the institution of regular, healthy and appropriately strenuous exercise. This helps to strengthen both muscle support for fragile bones and improves ambulatory abilities to the end of helping to reduce the likelihood of accidents. Additionally, a lifestyle of activity can have decidedly positive preventative properties as well, serving as one of
Therefore, bone density may increase. The goal of treatment with antiresorptive medications is to prevent bone loss and lower the risk of breaking bones (Osteoporosis what is it?, 2008). Teriparatide, a form of parathyroid hormone, is the first osteoporosis medication to increase the rate of bone formation in the bone remodeling cycle and is in a distinct category of osteoporosis medications called anabolic drugs. This is currently the only osteoporosis
5 SD below Osteoporosis > 2.5 SD below Severe osteoporosis and fragility fracture > 2.5 SD below BMD = bone mineral density; SD = standard deviation Beck and Shoemaker (2000) state that "calcium consumption alone is not considered adequate protection against osteoporosis" however calcium does play "an important role in the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. " Optimal calcium intake as stated by the National Institutes of Health are those