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Lipids and Proteins
Lipids
Lipids are fats and they are important to our health. When chemically digesting these lipids or fats, these molecules are broken down into smaller ones that can be more readily passed through the digestive system and into the bloodstream. This fat is transformed into triglycerides and can be used by the body for energy at a later time.
Lipids like almost all food is first mechanically digested by the mouth. During this process the first chemical reaction begins when the saliva begins to break down the fat. As the fat is digested, enzymes called lipases within the mouth and stomach break the bonds of the lipid molecules an prepare them for absorption. The gall bladder and pancreas becomes involved in this process as bile salts are released from these organs and secreted in the small intestine. These chemicals signal to further digest the food by breaking down the molecules some more. Eventually these molecules are absorbed by the cells in the intestinal wall and used by the body for energy.
In order for the lipids to be properly digested,...
The more dispersion of these molecules, the better as the surface tension of the molecules reduces as the surface area exposed to the digestive juices increases. The bile salts contain sodium glcyocholate and sodium taurocholate which trigger the lowering of the surface tension and properly prepare them for further digestion.
At this stage of digestion, the broken down molecules or fatty acids or glycerol is ready to be absorbed into the body. This occurs in the intestines where villi, the finger like projections that are covering the intestinal wall absorb the acids and glycerol into the lymphatic system which in turn delivers hormones to the blood stream.
The most important issues dealing with lipid digestion is ensuing that the fats are soluble and ready to be taken in by the small intestine. After digestion, monoglycerides and fatty acids associate with bile salts and phopholipids to form micelles. Micelles are always breaking down and re-forming, feeding a tiny group of monoglycerides…
It is also at this point that other organs begin to play a major role in the digestive process. The pancreas, located adjacent to the small intestine, secretes several enzymes that variously break down carbohydrates much further than they were broken down in the mouth or the proteins that began to met their demise in the stomach (NDDIC 2008). The liver produces a bile that breaks down fats and
The blood and lymph systems are also vital to digestion's efficacy, transporting nutrients to the cells of the body where they are needed (Smith & Morton 2001). Again, most of the "action" of the accessory organs and their products takes place in the small intestine where the major work of both breaking down and absorbing nutrients takes place (SUNY 2010). It is here that the enzymes secreted by the
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