A threat to construct would mean that there was a failure in the way that constructs -- or thoughts -- were formed. In the case of e-learning, if we were to show that e-learners are more open to not just non-traditional learning, but they are more open to non-traditional ideas, in general, a threat to construct validity would probably say that e-learners are not more open than any other learners

The study showed that most students didn't consider e-learning as a benefit on campus; males who had previous experience with computers and students with positive attitudes about new technology were less positive to e-learning on campus that other students, overall. 3. Locate a mixed methods study that uses a theoretical lens, such as a feminist, ethical/racial, or class perspective. Identify specifically how the lens shapes the steps taken in the

Qualitative Study. The existence, if any, performance difference between students in online and traditional learning environments has yet to be conclusively determined; though several studies have found no significant difference in performance, the existence of different motivational factors and learning styles as well as the increased engagement of students in online environments seems to suggest that a performance enhancement is available in online educational settings (Daymont & Blau 2008; Liu 2007;

Putting someone in a classroom is only half of the feat; getting the person to want to learn and be open to knowledge and learning is another thing. An advocacy or participatory worldview holds that "our world is co-created both by the given cosmos and by how we comprehend it and make choices within it" (Heron 2001). This type of worldview in regards to learning -- e-learning or traditional learning

Ethnography and in-depth interviews are the methods that will be applied for the educators group, while ethnography, in-depth interviews, and experimental methods will be used for the students group. Meta-analysis would simply include an analysis of all quantitative studies conducted proposing new measures and tools that will help evaluate the effective of online and/or traditional learning approaches. For the ethnography and in-depth interviews, thematic analysis will be used to dimensionalize

However, as noted before, because of the increased level of motivation with the online students (due to a myriad of factors), the suggestion that online learners may perform better than traditional learners may have some validity to it. Learning theorist Laurillard (1997; Glenn, Jones, & Hoyt 2003) suggested that student-teacher interaction is a chief aspect of academic learning. Laurillard (1997; 2003) posited that "large class size, independent study and some