Early childhood abuse affects Emotional development paper Child Psychology utilizing American Psychological Association (APA) format writing Articles research scholarly journal articles references include textbook research articles. Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development

The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature.

Firstly, the meaning of emotional regulation and Erik Erikson's theory of eight stages of development are depicted, with special emphasis on early childhood. This is done for the purpose of underlining the importance of regular emotional development as opposed to one impaired by abuse.

Secondly, stress falls on describing and classifying child abuse and its prevalence in children under six years of age. After a brief outline of the areas in which a victim is challenged, focus shifts onward to specific emotional and social drawbacks that ensue. A more in-depth account of this matter follows, enlisting Alan Schore's right-brain correlations, an analysis based on the phenomenon of dissociation, and other probable prospects for the victim.

The conclusions venture a realistic overview on the aspect of early childhood abuse and its outcomes.

Development of a person throughout his or her whole lifetime can be seen either as a continuous process or as a final status to be attained. Psychologists agree that emotional development across a lifespan is built around the particularities of cognition related to social behavior.

In the scope of psychosocial development of human personality, an important approach was initiated by Erik Erikson in his chronological eight stages theory. He claimed that each of the conflict-based stages defined have an impact on ego identity, which is defined as a perpetually mutating, inconstant awareness of one's self as a result of social experience. Successful completion of a stage is synonymous with acquiring a new quality as a result of struggle. It brings forth motivation, confidence and a...

mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation and integrity vs. despair. The second stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt specifically corresponds to early childhood years and involves the acquirement of an amplified sense of control, the challenge encompassing control of body functions, choice of toys, food and clothing (Berger 2005).
The capacity of emotional regulation is fundamental for a child's emotional development. The notion is defined as adapting one's state or behavior in any certain situation by means of affective response (feelings), cognitive reactions (thoughts), emotionally triggered bodily responses (blood pressure or breathing rate), and emotionally triggered behavior (gestures or expressions). In early childhood, this modulation is almost entirely extrinsically, controlled by caretakers. A young child will, however, form his own internal emotional regulation at the expense of what he observes in parental patterns, the feedback he gets on his emotions and the general climate at home.

In regard to child abuse, Harrenkohl decries in the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm" (Harrenkohl 2005). Following this portrayal, abuse falls into four specific categories (physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, and neglect) and has severe consequences on an individual's development. The youngest seem to suffer most from child mistreatment. In 2002, "around 1100 child fatalities were attributed to child maltreatment. The large majority of these cases (86.1%) involved children under age six. Almost half (42.6%) involved infants under one year" (Chalk 2002).

Occurred repeatedly at such an early stage, toxic stress can lead to potentially definitive alterations in learning (linguistic, cognitive, and socio-emotional abilities), behavior (capacity to adapt to new situations), and physiology (an over powerful or chronically…