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To the Puritan eye, Native American religions and beliefs, as well as dress and manners were not merely different or primitive, but ungodly. But their cataloguing of Native difference does yield some insight about native cultural practices to the historian.
Conversion narratives are as close as what is available to offer some records of lost aspects of Native American civilization. What is most fascinating about the chapter "Native Voices in a Colonial World" are the similarities Richter draws between two very different narratives: conversion stories and 'Treaty Protocols'. Even when solely authored by Europeans, Richter suggests, and despite their stylization, Richter believes these documents do "preserve something of what Indian people said at important...
The diplomatic ceremonies were, interestingly enough almost equally as standardized as the tales of formulaic conversion, down to ritualized weeping (Richter 134). Richter sees in these rituals not eternal conflict, but at least some attempts at cultural coexistence on the part of the native populace, despite the negative end result. "Direct military confrontation" with Europeans was deemed suicidal, but through skillful managing of different alliances and ceremonial performances of diplomacy and conversion, the tribes hoped to survive (Richter…
East From Indian Country This summarizes Chapter 6 of "Facing East from Indian Country," by Daniel Richter. This chapter talks about the race for Indian lands after the Revolutionary period was over, and how there were really two wars for independence, one by the Native Americans trying to hold on to their land, and one by the white colonists seeking more land and opportunities. Richter believes the continual takeover of
Indian Removal How valuable is history if it is truly written by the victors of war? What remains of the historical account are only tiny fragments of what the true and whole story encapsulated. What we are left with are scraps of stories that are fragmented and skewed to the current power structures that run the institutions. Understanding this skeptical attitude is extremely important when judging an historical account. The purpose of
Indian Dance An Analysis of the History and Origins of "Belly Dancing" Indian Dance is described in the West as "belly dancing," but the name "belly dancing" does not do justice to the style of dance which the title conveys. Indian and Middle Eastern dance actually has more of a history to it than what the West views merely as a kind of erotic show. Described as "danse du ventre" by the
Of course, the much shorter pleated skirt we now associate with modern Japanese school girls is also a chic look, and the carrying over of this simple design into a popular and often fetish-linked fashion for Western girls of modern times is an important note of timelessness. Court" Fashion for Japanese Males, Asuka Period (593-710): Eastern influence is not reserved for Westerners alone, as one can see in Asuka and Nara
Very few lay people were exclusively Buddhist- that is, felt a commitment to Buddhism over against China's other religions" (Welch 1976, p.164). Moreover, Buddhism in China was largely an individual affair. The monastaries were not held together any type of hierarchy. "In China the largest unit was the monastery and the highest office was the abbotship. This meant that there was no mechanism for maintaining standards" (Welch 1976, p.175). As
India was also part of this globalized trading world. The cities within the Indus Valley were well planned and included a trading system that was managed much in the same way as that in the Middle East. Indian socialism, combined with an economy of private managers played a significant role in the success of their trading endeavors. Moore & Lewis note that ancient India could well have been the inventor of