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Emotions as Motive
The two theories on emotion are the Cannon-Bard theory, introduced by Walter Cannon in 1927, and the Schacter Two-Factor Theory, introduced by Stanley Schacter in 1964. In the Cannon-Bard theory, it was posited that physiological arousal could occur without emotion also occurring (i.e. one could experience a racing heart and goosebumps without seeing a snake and being afraid) (Weiten, 2005). Cannon-bard was incorrect in the theory that emotion began in the thalamus, but other theorists have since agreed that emotion sits somewhere in the brain's subcortical brain structures (Weiten, 2005).
The second theory of emotion, the Schacter Two-Factor theory, introduced the idea of situational cues and decision between alternate emotions (Weiten, 2005). According to Schacter, emotions depend on two factors, the being autonomic arousal to something, and the second being an interpretation of the...
For example, if I were to wake up tomorrow morning feeling very anxious with a knot in my stomach and maybe a slight headache, I would cognitively interpret why I felt this way. Some of these arousal emotions highly contribute to biological motives in humans, such as an aggressive motive and even a temperature motive (Weiten, 2005). However, some fallbacks to this theory that not every arousal situations calls for someone to analyze their emotions -- it is not always so cut and dry for most people. However, the theory does show wide support.
In an article by Dolan, some techniques for capturing emotions in a particular study was described. In some cases words, pictures and activities are used to facilitate emotional facial responses, such as happiness and fear (which are two emotions widely known and accepted worldwide (Weiten, 2005)). Some of the words might be threat words, or…
References
Dolan, R.J. (2002). Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior. Science, 298(5596), 1191. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Parkinson, B. (1997). Untangling the Appraisal- Emotion Connection. Personality & Social Psychology Review (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates), 1(1), 62. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Weiten, W. (2005). Psychology: themes & variations 6th ed. briefer version. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Personality Theory Analysis The trait theory and the psychoanalytic theory are two theories that attempt to explain personality and behavior, but are two entirely different approaches. The trait theory approaches personality with combinations of personality traits and measurements of individual traits in attempting to explain personality and behavior. On the other hand, the psychoanalytic theory explores the unconscious through behavior, feelings, self-esteem, and social contexts in attempting to explain personality and
FACIAL EXPRESSION & EMOTION Psychology From the perspective of many psychologists, there is no set formal definition for emotion. We know that emotion is universal insofar as all humans experience and express emotion. There have been many studies, specifically over the past several decades that demonstrate that some emotions are expressed universally across time and culture. Just because there is not a universal definition for emotion, does not mean that there are
D.). A need also frequently serves to answer the question motivational psychologists regularly ask as they explore motives that impel the person people to do what he/she does: "What drives people to do the things they do?" Basic concepts of motive include: A motive depicts a person's internal state arousing and directing his/her behavior to meet a precise goal and/or objective. A deficit, a lack of something, contributes to a motive. Motives vary
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Theories It is difficult to summarize psychodynamic theory without a brief discussion of Freud. Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, the father of psychodynamic theory, and in effect the father of modern psychotherapy. Freud's notions retain quite a bit of popularity, especially his ideas that things are not what they seem on the surface. Because of his understanding of the mind and behavior, Freud considered that overt behaviors were
Personality Therapy Personality is very complex. Individuals can differ considerably from one another, because of the wide variety of traits possible. In addition, a person can act a certain way in one situation and completely different in another, or have internal processes that manifest themselves through very different external actions and behaviors. Because of this diversity and complexity, psychologists have developed a number of theories to explain personality phenomena, as well