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English - Skepticism/Cynicism
SKEPTICISM vs. CYNICISM
Skepticism is a critical point-of-view that rejects any untested conclusions. The skeptic is open to any argument but requires specific proof of any claim before accepting it on suggestion. Skepticism is fundamentally incompatible with a-priori claims, argument, or suggestions. The non-skeptic, for example, might accept statements and claims on face value but the skeptic is reluctant to do so without considering alternate explanations, motives, and points-of-view that contradict the initial statement or claim. Skepticism is sometimes considered to have negative connotations, but that usually reflects a lack of understanding about what skepticism is and what it is not.
Specifically, skepticism is sometimes confused with cynicism, a less open-minded perspective, in principle. Whereas skepticism is a critical questioning perspective without pejorative supposition, cynicism is characterized by a more negative attitude: skepticism might be considered a perspective that values the "blank slate" approach to new information while cynicism is more of a negative approach that reflects a pre- existing bias against the prospect of believing anything. Skepticism is useful in academics, including literature analysis, because reasonable academic interpretations may differ and the skeptical approach demands an objective rationale for accepting suggested conclusions. Without some degree of academic skepticism, one would be influenced by whichever analysis or interpretation happened to be presented first, even though it might be incorrect. In ordinary non- academic life as well, skepticism is an appropriate perspective because the beliefs and claims of others are often ignorant, biased, or questionable in their motivation. The old adage "if it seems too good to be true it probably is" is an example of prudence in ordinary life that is an expression of healthy skepticism..
SKEPTICISM vs. CYNICISM: OUTLINE and NOTES
Skepticism:
Definition
Examples
Negative Connotations:
Difference between Skepticism & Cynicism
Skepticism is more objective
Open-mindedness vs. preexisting negative expectations Cynicism:
Cynicism is subjective
Bias vs. Blank Slate Concept
Skepticism and Literature Analysis:
Appropriate academic perspective
Alternative would mean accepting first analysis of everything
Skepticism in Ordinary Life:
If it seems too good to be true it probably is
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