Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Epidemiology in Healthcare
The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the National Immunization Program (NIP) track the number of deaths that occur due to measles within the United States (Gindler et al., 2004). Both programs are run by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); however, the data reporting systems for the two organizations are distinct. The NCHS reports deaths as either underlying-cause or multiple-cause mortality, but in the absence of measles confirmation by physical examination or laboratory results. By comparison, NIP reports de-identified information, but only confirmed cases. Gindler and colleagues (2004) compared the two reporting systems and the NIP system was found cable of reporting 71% of deaths due to measles, compared to 64% by NCHS. The death-to-case ratio (DCR) varied from 2.05 to 2.83 per 1,000 reported cases among the three databases during the 1989 outbreak. During this period, the prior annual average of 3,000 measles cases increased to 27,782 by 1990 and the DCR increased to over 2.0. In the aftermath of the outbreak there was a reinvigorated vaccination effort in the U.S. that helped to reduce the number of reported...
The highest DCR rates were for the very young and very old, as well as individuals with preexisting compromised immune systems. This information helps clinicians define which groups are most vulnerable to measles, so that they can target these groups with more aggressive vaccination programs.
The reported annual incidence of schizophrenia globally is only about 15.2 per 100,000 persons; however, the disease burden is comparatively high because it can persist for years or decades (Saha, Chant, Welham, & McGrath, 2005). Accordingly, estimates of the number of people who are currently suffering from schizophrenia are based on prevalence. Saha and colleagues (2005) performed a systematic review of the research literature and from this information defined the point, period, lifetime, and lifetime morbid prevalence risk as 4.6, 3.3, 4.0, and 7.2 per 1,000 persons, respectively. These statistics reveal that there is almost two orders of magnitude difference between the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia globally. Assuming a global population of 7.15 billion (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014), the annual incidence…
References
Bwakura-Dangarembizi, M., Kendall, L., Bakeera-Kitaka, S., Nahirya-Ntege, P., Keishanyu, R., Nathoo, K. et al. (2014). A randomized trial of prolonged co-trimoxazole in HIV-infected children in Africa. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(1), 41-53.
Gindler, J., Tinker, S., Markowitz, L., Atkinson, W., Dales, L., & Papania, M.J. (2004). Acute measles mortality in the United States, 1987-2002. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189(Suppl. 1), S69-77.
Rigby, P. & Alexander, J. (2008). Understanding schizophrenia. Nursing Standard, 22(28), 49-56.
Saha, S., Chant, D., Welham, J., & McGrath, J. (2005). A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Medicine, 2(5), e141.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2014). U.S. And World Population Clock. Retrieved 17 Mar. 2014 from http://www.census.gov/popclock/.
Population Health: Childhood Obesity Of all of the current factors impacting population health, childhood obesity may be have the greatest threat for long-term damage, as well as being the one most highly linked to culture, socioeconomic status, and personal liberties. As a result, efforts to reduce childhood obesity have been met with ambivalence and, sometimes even hostility. Part of the reason for this hostility is that the two factors that
Public Health Care Agency and Contribution to Core Functions of Public Health The objective of this study is to examine a public health agency and its contribution to the core functions of public health. The public health agency chosen in this study is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also known as the CDC for short states its mission as being that of collaborating
A decrease in the rates of recent infections, a reduction in the lifetime risk of TB infection, and a reduction in the effective contact number would reflect the control of TB among the adults. The primary target for the long-term TB control should be to reduce the high force of TB infection, particularly in densely populated sub-urban areas. This is because the effectual contact numbers and the population prevalence of
Bioterrorism is "the use, or threatened use, of biological agents to promote or spread fear or intimidation upon an individual, a specific group, or the population as a whole for religious, political, ideological, financial, or personal purposes" (Arizona Department of Health Services, 2005). Bioterrorism is the weaponization of biological agents or material; as such, it poses a huge potential risk to the United States, given the relative affordability and accessibility
Health Consequences of Air Pollution for Military and Emergency Workers Database Validity and Originality This paper proposes a study of some of the most significant long-term and short-term effects of air-pollution on two different sets of workers. The first of these is those were affected by localized and intense air pollution that was produced as a direct result of the Gulf War, pollution that was caused for the most part by the
Management Project in the Health Care Organization Setting This study describes the implementation of a syndromic surveillance system. The syndromic surveillance system collects and analyzes prediagnostic and nonclinical disease indicators, drawing on preexisting electronic data that can be found in systems such as electronic health records, school absenteeism records and pharmacy systems. The systems are utilized to identify specific symptoms within a population that may indicate a public health event