Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
¶ … exclusive title reference page) comparing contrasting middle-Eastern African terrorist movements. Your paper focus goals terrorist movements analyze methods involved.
Terrorism is one of the most significant evolutions in the international arena that the twentieth century has brought as more and more groups are formed and act to attain their objectives by the use of terror, be it violent or less violent. Having in view the magnitude that the 2001 effects had on the evolution of terrorism from a rather localized phenomenon to a global 'war on terror', it is important to understand the evolution of terrorism prior to 9/11. Looking towards the hottest area of the planet in what regards terrorism -- Middle East -- it is interesting to observe that many of these organizations have survived for a large period of time due to the manner in which they adapted not only their methods but also their objectives. From demanding more freedom to their nation and autonomy (like the Kurdistan Worker's Party -- PKK) or to the religious-based hatred towards non-Sunnis that Al Qaeda has.
Similar in size and objectives, the terrorist organizations under the influence or in cooperation with Al Qaeda can be found virtually in all countries on the world, making this organization the first truly global one, and a significant non-state actor in international relations. The main objective of the Middle Eastern-based organization is to create for all Muslim countries a space where no foreign influences are present within the new Islamic world caliphate.
Globalized terrorist activities like the Al Qaeda type do not mean...
Taking the African continent example, besides the well-known North African terrorist organizations, there are several organizations that although not terrorist per se, use terror and violence to attain their goals. These include "various militia in eastern Congo, who have been the target of the International Criminal Court for their crimes against humanity, the insurgents in the Niger delta of Nigeria, and the Janjaweed militia in the Darfur region of Sudan." (Lyman, 2008) The post colonial states and the borders that were in most cases artificially created have lead to the formation after the 1970s of a series of militias and liberation armies that, similar to the actions of the PKK, fight for autonomy or independence by the use of force: the Lord's Resistance Army, the Army for Liberation of Rwanda, and the Afrikaner Boeremag in South Africa and many others. Especially in Africa, where a large number of governments are considered as illegitimate, terrorism has also been in some cases invented as in Zimbabwe's case, where any political opposition party or organization is labeled as terrorist by the government. Such differences in the nature of terrorist or paramilitary organizations make any analysis on Africa even more difficult as compared to regions like Middle East or Central America, where borders, religion and socio-political issues are easier to divide and perceive.
African-based terrorist organizations act in different ways across the continent, with various reasons and methods. Therefore, a comparison between the entireties of African terrorist…
Bibliography
Lyman, P. (2004) The Terrorist Threat in Africa. Foreign Affairs, January/February 2004
Lyman, P. (2008) The War on Terrorism in Africa, from Harbeson, J. Africa in World Politics, Westview Pressi, extracted from http://www.cfr.org/content/thinktank/Lyman_chapter_Terrorism.pdf
Management STYLE IN THE United States Cultural Values and Business Theory X vs. Theory Y Management the High Tech Way Management STYLE IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC CULTURAL VALUES AND Business Role of Entrepreneurship In the United States, management values, beliefs and attitudes have undergone a gradual shift away from the simplistic stance of planning, organizing and directing. Valuable managerial skills, no matter what culture is being considered, have traditionally been masculine skills, highlighting the dominant, assertive, and
Samsung Electronics Examination and Evaluation of Business Strategies and Frontier Markets: Brazil The South Korean company Samsung began operations in Brazil in December 1986 when it opened a representation office. Since them Samsung has invested a total of U.S.$300 million, employs almost 1,000 staff members and has a revenue of above U.S.$500 million. Since May 1994, Samsung has started offering services to Brazilian consumers, and from November 1995 it has produced TV
……South African Municipalities Municipal Revenue Loss Reduction through Improved Municipal Valuation Methodologies:Balance Sheet Enhancement of South African Municipalities to Improve Rates and Taxes Revenue GenerationAbstractThis study examines the property valuation process of Municipalities in South Africa and develops a strategy for strengthening that process in order to more efficiently value properties and ultimately to enhance municipal balance sheets and increase revenue streams. This study proposes an innovative valuation method based
Culture of Interest: Japan Theoretical foundations of cultural and cross-cultural analysis: Japan and America Japan: Mildly collectivist culture American culture American: An individualistic culture Similarities and differences in Japanese and U.S. culture Potential biases of researcher Appendix I- Hofstede four Dimensional Theory Edward Tylor (1832-1917) defines culture as a collection of customs, laws, morals, knowledge, and symbols displayed by a society and its constituting members. Culture is form of collective expression by groups of people. Since the dawn
Since the 1970s, the global retail clothing industry has experienced intense international competition and major shifts in the pattern of consumer demand. These pressures have had far-reaching implications for the clothing industry in the areas of pricing, design, quality, manufacturing processes and employment (Rath, 2002). According to this author, "In the 1970s, traditional manufacturers, particularly High Street retailers with their own manufacturing capacity, found themselves unable to compete with low
Principal-Agent Model in Economics and Political Science The international political perspectives of free trade A Global Analysis International Trade Impact on Tunisia The Export of agricultural products International trade and development of Tunisia Balance in the Trade Regime Imports and exports of Tunisia Exports Imports Coping With External and Internal Pressures The Common External Tariff (CET) Safeguard Measures Anti-Dumping Duties (ADDs) and Countervailing Duties (CVDs) Rules of origin The New Commercial Policy Instrument Sector Based Aspects GATT/WTO's Main Principles Non-discriminatory trade Multilateral negotiation and free trade The Trading Policies