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Muscle fiber type and performance
The body majorly has two types of muscles, the slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Most people have, on estimation, 50% slow-twitch fibers and 50% fast-twitch ones. This however can significantly change depending on the type of training an athlete goes through. The slow-twitch muscles come into play for the endurance athletes hence they will develop more of this type over time with training. Fast-twitch muscle fibers are way better for activities that need short periods of intense activity such as among sprinters hence such athletes will develop more of this over time (Rivera H., 2018).
Breakdown of glycogen
Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes breakdown of glycogen into Glucose-1-Phosphate (G1P). The reaction that produces G1P from the glycogen in the body is referred to as phosphorolysis. Phosphorolysis reaction use phosphate to breakdown bigger molecules into smaller ones. The process of breaking down of the glycogen into glucose is referred to as glycogenolysis. This process takes place in the cells of the muscles and in the liver tissues as a response to neural and hormonal signals. Glycogenolysis plays a significant role in the flight-or-fight responses that are adrenaline induced as well as the regulation of glucose...
Essentially the breakdown of glycogen to glucose will require four enzymes; one to degrade glycogen, two to remodel glycogen so that it remains a substrate for degradation, and one to convert the product of glycogen breakdown into a form suitable for further metabolism (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2018).
How a nerve impulse is transmitted along its axon
Electrical impulses are transmitted from neuron to neuron through nerve impulse, referred to as an action potential, when the axon membrane rapidly depolarises and repolarises. The action potential taks place or is experienced when a neurone relays information down an axon. This process involves an explosion of electrical activity, where the nerve and muscle cells resting membrane potential changes, the axon gets polarized when the inside is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged. When a stimulus is applied, the Sodium ions channels in the axon membrane open, causing sodium ions to move into the axon and a rise of the p.d, due to the positive charge increase within the axon. If the stimulus reaches a threshold of -40mv, an action potential is generated, which is the nerve impulse. The depolarisation causes the inside of the axon to be positively charged and…
References
Bazenilla F., (2002). The Nerve Impulse. Retrieved February 25, 2017 from http://nerve.bsd.uchicago.edu/TheNerveImpulse05.pdf
Hamilton A., (2018). Fat as Fuel. February 25, 2017 from https://www.peakendurancesport.com/nutrition-for-endurance-athletes/supplements/fat-as-fuel/
National Center for Biotechnology Information, (2018). Glycogen Breakdown Requires the Interplay of Several Enzymes. February 25, 2017 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22467/
Rivera H., (2018). Muscle Fiber Types and How They Relate To Your Training Program. February 25, 2017 from http://www.hugorivera.net/muscle-fibers-trainin.html
Virtual Medical Centre, (2018). Blood Function and Composition. February 25, 2017 from https://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/blood-function-and-composition/
Exercise Physiology The paper discusses five articles related to exercise physiology. Within these articles, a number of topics are comprised, including: exercise in extreme environments, optimizing performance in sport, gender and age as they relate to exercising, fatigue during exercise and health. These topics will be examined as per the points-of-view presented in the articles below. Icy Climb to the Sky in Summery Yosemite by Bill Becher (Source: ) This first article discusses
Exercise Physiology: learning about it, involving oneself in it or obtaining gainful employment from it is becoming a part and parcel of most people's life. With improvements in technology, our lifestyles have become sedentary. Such lifestyles also put us at greater risk for diseases. This work will be concerned with a general idea of exercise physiology with information for all who want to involve themselves with it. Simply put, exercise physiology
Exercise Physiology1. What factors should be considered to provide maximal protection when people are exercising in the cold?Conducting exercises and partaking in competitions in the cold weather circumstances is usually less risky in comparison to circumstances of extreme heat. Nonetheless, there are different factors that have to be taken into consideration in order to provide maximal protection. One of the factors encompasses staying hydrated regardless of the cold weather conditions.
Heart rates in children may reach 220 or even 225 before puberty, but tend to fall to around 200 in their late teens, so the coach should not worry on finding such high rates in exercising youngsters." (Sharp, 1) This is a demonstration of the distinct physical response of the youth's body, justifying a framing of youth physical activity as separate, different and demanding its own specific scientific attention. This
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Exercise science is a scientific discipline quite apart from simple physical activity. The exercise scientist gains understanding from reaching out to other disciplines, such as psychology, chemistry, physiology, and even engineering. Basically, exercise science alludes to how science is applied to the act of exercise; exercise refers to human movement, but exercise science zeros in on the various components that relate to the links between fitness, exercise, diet and health. The