Beef Industry Read files

Challenges faced by farmers of a particular food commodity:

The future of the American beef industry (cattle)

Beef is a commodity that has literally defined the American West and thus defined American ideology for many years. But today, "in the meat industry -- beef -- you have four [processors] that control over 80% of the marketplace…it's become much, much more concentrated" (Glickman 2014). Cattle ranchers are under increasing pressure to produce more and more beef, more cheaply. Yet there is also criticism of the industry for being insufficiently concerned about its effect upon human health. Quite simply, the industry cannot survive the dual demands for inexpensive food in America and yet simultaneously meet concerns for greater safety and 'naturalness' in beef handling.

There is a rush to speed the trajectory of feedlot-to-table for calves. The faster calves are produced and the less time they spend grazing and the swifter they are eaten, the greater the profit for the rancher and processor. "More and more animals are raised on a single farm…This gives the opportunity for pathogens to spread from one animal to another. And when they are transported to slaughter, animals from many different farms may go in the same truck or the same transport freight to the slaughterhouse. Again, there's the opportunity for the exchange of these bacteria" (Taxue 2014). Cows are given antibiotics to prevent the spread of infection and also to be able to digest grain sooner than their developmental trajectory would allow. This means, "as the line speeds and the general...

coli O157 infections to pass through to the consumer" (Taxue 2014). It has also contributed to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, given that antibiotics are now used upon all animals -- both healthy animals as well as unhealthy animals.
The farm business model is growing increasingly unsustainable internationally. For example, in Canada, "most Canadian farmers still rely on government payments to make ends meet. The figures are telling…70 per cent of all government spending on agriculture goes toward so called 'business risk management' initiatives, which are essentially income support payments. And the bulk of those payments go to farms many experts say are too small to compete internationally" (Waldie 2012). As detailed in the documentary, Broken Harvest, families that have farmed for generations are seeing their lives disrupted as they cannot compete with subsidized agriculture in the U.S.

In the U.S., the situation is somewhat different. Although many commodities are subsidized, this does not mean all producers, particularly small producers, are all-powerful. Small cattle ranches are not. There are very large meat processors with considerable political sway in Washington D.C. But small ranchers effectively have their terms dictated to them by those producers, and they are using means such as speeding feedlot-to-table transport with practices with…