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Q2. From an American perspective, it is tempting to look out at the world and to assume that American culture now dominates and reigns over all, given the seeming ubiquity of American movies, television, and music. However, a cultural analysis of many regions of the world yields the finding that culture is far more regional and pluralistic in nature.
For example, in Mexico, soap operas known as telenovelas captivate almost the entire population. They often give voice to Mexican fantasies about transgressing economic borders. One such soap opera, Ugly Betty, has actually been appropriated by U.S. culture. Mexican culture has changed the U.S., as well as vice versa, despite the U.S.'s greater economic power in the region. And within India, Bollywood films are far more popular than Hollywood films because of the way they speak to unique Indian culture needs. Within this densely-populated and fantastically diverse nation, the fascination with Bollywood forms a source of cultural unity, as noted in Raminder Kaur's and Ajay Sinha's discussion of the history of Bollywood. It is also very clearly not 'of' the West, in terms of Bollywood films' high level of theatricality and embrace of music....
Its style is often jarring to Western viewers, even though it has adopted some of the conventions of old-fashioned Western cinema.
As noted by John Tomlinson, in his essay on mediated cultural experiences, human beings are not passive recipients of culture. When individuals perceive even mass American culture's commentary upon their own nation, as noted in Pico Iyer's comments on the uses of Rambo in Asia, they do not 'read' the cultural text in the same manner as Americans. While Rambo might seem like a crude view of the effects Vietnam conflict, Asians are able to appropriate it in their own cultural language. However, despite the unpredictability of peoples' responses to depictions of their own and alternate cultures, the fact that the media has had such power in stimulating creative growth should not be underestimated. Faisal Devji's argues that the concept of martyrdom in contemporary Islam, far from a fundamentalist reading of the Koran, as is often portrayed, is actually generated by the mass media. The 'Islamic fundamentalist' has become a cultural trope and artifact embraced by many jihadists as a form of identity, even while jihad and martyrdom is despised and feared in the West.
The San played into this as it was expected of them and as they did so they began to accept the expectations and beliefs of the rest of the world with regard to their identity. As a group it became what was expected of it and the individuals of the group did the same. Two years ago the bushman took their government to court because they alleged they had been effectively
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature Chapter Introduction This chapter provides a review of the literature concerning hypnosis, Eastern Meditation, Chi Kung, and Nei Kung and how these methods are used to treat various ailments and improve physical and mental functioning. A summary of the review concludes the chapter. Hypnosis In his study, "Cognitive Hypnotherapy in the Management of Pain," Dowd (2001) reports that, "Several theories have been proposed to account for the effect of
C. (1991). The new convention from the perspective of a country of employment: The U.S. Case. IMR 25(4). Helton (1991) shows how the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families intersects with existing American immigration, labor, and civil rights law. In short, the United States has not become party to the Convention. The author argues that the Convention would significantly improve
Sociology of Work ASSESSING BUREAUCRACY Max Weber advocated a management system, which would replace the influence of tradition and personal connection with clearly defined roles independent of those who occupied them. It was the need of his time when he and fellow theorists sought ways of increasing efficiency in production. Machines were then taking over the workload of many industries and people's lives, necessitating an immortal organization. He believed that a hierarchy
Branding and Communication There has been significant criticism leveled against the branding practices of companies, and most particularly those of multinationals, which have been raised. Drawing on the academic literature this work will identify the primary arguments used in these critiques and will critically examine those arguments and discuss their implications for branding in the age of globalization. This study will further answer the question of how branding has changed under
4-billion expansion after it was shut down in May by the province's environment ministry due to urine-like smells wafting in to neighbouring communities from the company's new technology." (Stephenson, 2006) III. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REVIEW In the work of Ross McKitrick entitled: "Towards the Use of Emission Taxes in Canada" a paper presented to the Finance Committee Round Table on Green Taxes in Ottawa, Canada on May 31, 2001, it is stated that