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, U.S. 443 (1968) -- The Gould Arkansas School District which, at the time, had about 60% African-Americans and no racial segregation, maintained two combination elementary and high schools located about ten blocks apart. In order to remain eligible for Federal funding, the school adopted a "freedom of choice" plan in which students were annually required to choose a school. No White students opted for the Black school, but 85 Black students were enrolled at the formerly all-White Gould school. A new building was needed, and petitioners enjoined to have it built near Gould, to avoid continued segregation. The District denied all relief, and the Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal. The Court found that a constitutionally acceptable plan was necessary with the goal of rapid and complete desegregation.
Monroe v. Bd of Commr r's, 391 U.S. 450 (1968). -- 1/3 of the City of Jackson's population of 40,000 were African-American, most who live in the city's central area. The school had 8 elementary, 3 middle, and 2 senior high schools for the 7600 students, 40% who were black. In 1954, State law required segregation. The plans of converting from this system to a biracial then...
The case was part of the May 1968 Court decision on the elimination of segregation within all public schools.
WORKS CONSULTED
Clotfelter, C. (2006). After 'Broan': The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation.
"End of Segregation in Public Schools." (2009). Cited in:
http://school.familyeducation.com/segregation/african-american-history/47437.html
Kozol, Jonathan. (2005). The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America. Cited in:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=5015171322737172268&hl=en#
United States National Parks Service. 2006. "New Kent School and the George W.
Watkins School: From Freedom of Choice to Integration." Teaching With
Historic Places. Cited in: http://www.nps.gov/history/nR/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/104newkent/104newkent.htm
Virginia Historical Society. (2004). "The 'Green' Decision of 1968." The Civil Rights
Movement in Virginia. Cited in: http://www.vahistorical.org/civilrights/green.htm www.Justia.com, "U.S. Supreme Court Center."
Cited in: http://www.vahistorical.org/civilrights/green.htm www.Justia.com, "U.S. Supreme Court Center."
8/18/2004 Classroom Teachers, Reading Coach $4,000 for materials, software, and incentives. (PSTF, Title I, Acct.) Ongoing 10. All students will be encouraged to participate in after school tutoring, Saturday tutoring, family nights, FCAT Camp, media center reading group, and both school and county academic competitions. 8/18/2004 Classroom Teachers, Guidance, Administrators, Media Specialist $12,000 for materials, salaries, & incentives (Title I, Acct, PSTF) Ongoing 11. Students will be provided the opportunity to
Race to the Top-District Rfa Analysis School Grant Programs On May 22, 2012, the Secretary of Education made public the U.S. Department of Education's (ED) intention to build upon recent achievements in education through the Race to the Top-State programs (ED, 2012a) by offering an additional $383 million in grant funding to local school districts in 2012 (ED, 2012b). The goal of the Race to the Top District (RTT-D) Competition is to
School Choice Program This study aimed to determine the impact of school choice through a comparative study of two private schools, which serve primarily, or exclusively African-American students, and a public school. Data in student achievement in math and reading and data on student attendance were used to determine the impact of choosing a school. Qualitative data derived from interviews with administrators and faculty as well as classroom observation were used to
Some of those are as follows: 1) Affect the environment; 2) Either save or expend energy; 3) Economically feasible or expensive to maintain, heat and cool. 4) Affect student learning; 5) Affect the health of students and teachers alike and 6) Affect the retention of teachers. (Olson and Carney, 2004) Criteria involved in the design, operation and maintenance of these 'sustainable' buildings are those as follows: Sustainable site planning and landscaping design that decrease the use
Preventing Dropouts Among Minority Middle School Students The dropout rate of minority middle school students is rising. This can be contributed to a number of factors that cultivate frustration and develop low self-esteem among minority adolescent students. Middle school students already struggle with self-image issues, but when the added pressure of factors such as low literacy skills, poverty within the home, early pregnancy and low regard for education are also introduced,
Formally, 'Aparthied' may have been dispersed inside the United States and South Africa. On the other hand, there is still the illegal version, in every way that is still bad, every bit as evil and just as belittling as all segregation was destined to be. In "Little Rock Central: 50 Years Later," HBO's 2007 which was a documentary concerning the present-day Little Rock Central High School, a teenage girl mentions,