Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
History of Assessment/Testing in the United States
Assessment practices in the United States are not something that started yesterday. Assessment and testing in the United States began many years ago and they have taken several transformations throughout time. For over a century use of standardized testing for the assessment of aptitudes and achievement has played a major role in shaping the educational thinking in America. Today such tests are quite common .The paper will look at the history of assessment or testing in the United States from 1900 to 2010.a timeline of dates, significant events and the importance of these dates and events in the history of assessment and testing in the United States.
Assessment practices began in early 1900's with the United States government being the predominant driver. In public schools, IQ tests and other standardized tests became quite popular. The main focus of these early tests was the determination of a student's ability as opposed to the assessment of learning which the trend is today. The first standardized test in United States was Thorndike Handwriting Scale developed in 1910 used to measure the level of mastery in students handwriting (Fletcher,2009).1920 saw the creation of SATs which were...
SAT and ACT tests are still currently being used for the same purpose. However, this standardization tests has been opposed by many who claim that the test are bias against race, gender and socio-economic background (Cobb, 2004).
There were five waves of educational reforms that took place between 1950's and 1990's.In 1950's there was the emphasis of the role of tests in selection and tracking. In the 1960's tests were used for program accountability. Emphasis on use of test to make important decisions regarding students, teachers and administration in secondary and elementary schools as well as the evaluation of schools and their systems came to existence in 1965 as a result of the authorization of Elementary and secondary education Act. This was aimed at ensuring that there was quality in what was taught in American schools. From 1965-2001 most middle school and elementary students took standardized tests such as CAT (California Achievement Test). In 1970's there were programs of minimum competency created. The minimum competency movement was the first in a series of education reforms whereby tests were not only meant for effectiveness of reform but act…
References
Fletcher, D. (2009). Standardized Testing. Retrieved September 8, 2013 from http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1947019,00.html
Cobb, S.(2004). History of assessment practices in the United States. Retrieved September 8, 2013 from http://learn.midsouthcc.edu/learningObjects/assessment/history_of_assessment.pdf
Unemployment b. Deflation c. High railroad rates d. Rising interest rates 14. Which issue led to the organization of the Populist Party? a. The desire to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers b. The collapse of the Second Bank of the United States c. An increase in immigration d. Limited availability of land in the West for use by new farmers 15. Which factor contributed most to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act
The French in particular, as they are to this day considered to be one of the greatest losers of the war (and the most important battle field of the war) were in desperate need of men to reconstruct the country. Therefore, the immigration policies changed and allowed for an increase in the labor force flow. More precisely, "due to a perceived demographic insufficiency and labor market needs, the French government
MYTH: Decriminalizing prostitution would save a lot of money because police wouldn't have to arrest prostitutes or johns or pimps. FACT: Decriminalization of prostitution has resulted in expensive legal challenges because no one wants prostitution zoned into their neighborhood or near their kids' schools. Mustang Brothel was shut down because of tax evasion. Pimps are simply not going to hand over the massive profits that they make from the business of
Too little, for what matters is that he knows he is being watched and too much, because he has no need in fact of being so (Alford, 2000). Bentham laid down the principle that power should be visible and unverifiable. Visible in that the inmate would constantly have before him the tall outline of the central tower from which he was watched. Unverifiable in that the inmate must never know
History Of Social Psychology: Past and Future Directions The fields of psychology and social psychology owe their existence to the earlier philosophical thinkers including Aristotle, Plato, Descartes, Locke, Hume and Kant. However, the recognized founder of the field (by most historians) is the German scientist Wilhelm Wundt (Farr, 2003). In 1862 Wundt proposed that there psychology should consist of two branches: a social branch and a physiological branch of psychology (Farr,
History Of Corrections Humankind, all through recorded history, has actually created innovative methods to "punish" their own kind for legitimate and even apparent transgressions. Amongst tribal communities as well as in much more developed cultures, this kind of punishment may include, amongst various other tortures, lashes, branding, drowning, suffocation, executions, mutilation, as well as banishment (which within faraway areas had been equivalent to the dying sentence). The degree related to the